Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the H → ZZ → l + l - qq Decay Channel at CMS

Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the H → ZZ → l + l - qq Decay Channel at CMS

Author: Francesco Pandolfi

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-08-15

Total Pages: 137

ISBN-13: 3319009036

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The theoretical foundations of the Standard Model of elementary particles relies on the existence of the Higgs boson, a particle which has been revealed for the first time by the experiments run at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2012. As the Higgs boson is an unstable particle, its search strategies were based on its decay products. In this thesis, Francesco Pandolfi conducted a search for the Higgs boson in the H → ZZ → l + l - qq Decay Channel with 4.6 fb -1 of 7 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. The presence of jets in the final state poses a series of challenges to the experimenter: both from a technical point of view, as jets are complex objects and necessitate of ad-hoc reconstruction techniques, and from an analytical one, as backgrounds with jets are copious at hadron colliders, therefore analyses must obtain high degrees of background rejection in order to achieve competitive sensitivity. This is accomplished by following two directives: the use of an angular likelihood discriminant, capable of discriminating events likely to originate from the decay of a scalar boson from non-resonant backgrounds, and by using jet parton flavor tagging, selecting jets compatible with quark hadronization and discarding jets more likely to be initiated by gluons. The events passing the selection requirements in 4.6 fb -1 of data collected by the CMS detector are examined, in the search of a possible signal compatible with the decay of a heavy Higgs boson. The thesis describes the statistical tools and the results of this analysis. This work is a paradigm for studies of the Higgs boson with final states with jets. The non-expert physicists will enjoy a complete and eminently readable description of a proton-proton collider analysis. At the same time, the expert reader will learn the details of the searches done with jets at CMS.


Wafer Bonding

Wafer Bonding

Author: Marin Alexe

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2004-05-14

Total Pages: 524

ISBN-13: 9783540210498

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During the past decade direct wafer bonding has developed into a mature materials integration technology. This book presents state-of-the-art reviews of the most important applications of wafer bonding written by experts from industry and academia. The topics include bonding-based fabrication methods of silicon-on-insulator, photonic crystals, VCSELs, SiGe-based FETs, MEMS together with hybrid integration and laser lift-off. The non-specialist will learn about the basics of wafer bonding and its various application areas, while the researcher in the field will find up-to-date information about this fast-moving area, including relevant patent information.


Theory in Archaeology

Theory in Archaeology

Author: Peter J. Ucko

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2005-08-10

Total Pages: 413

ISBN-13: 113484347X

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A unique volume that brings together contributors from all over the world to provide the first truly global perspective on archaeological theory, and tackle the crucial questions facing archaeology in the 1990s. Can one practice without theory?


Statistical Concepts - A Second Course

Statistical Concepts - A Second Course

Author: Debbie L. Hahs-Vaughn

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-06-19

Total Pages: 534

ISBN-13: 113649006X

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Statistical Concepts consists of the last 9 chapters of An Introduction to Statistical Concepts, 3rd ed. Designed for the second course in statistics, it is one of the few texts that focuses just on intermediate statistics. The book highlights how statistics work and what they mean to better prepare students to analyze their own data and interpret SPSS and research results. As such it offers more coverage of non-parametric procedures used when standard assumptions are violated since these methods are more frequently encountered when working with real data. Determining appropriate sample sizes is emphasized throughout. Only crucial equations are included. The new edition features: New co-author, Debbie L. Hahs-Vaughn, the 2007 recipient of the University of Central Florida's College of Education Excellence in Graduate Teaching Award. A new chapter on logistic regression models for today's more complex methodologies. Much more on computing confidence intervals and conducting power analyses using G*Power. All new SPSS version 19 screenshots to help navigate through the program and annotated output to assist in the interpretation of results. Sections on how to write-up statistical results in APA format and new templates for writing research questions. New learning tools including chapter-opening vignettes, outlines, a list of key concepts, "Stop and Think" boxes, and many more examples, tables, and figures. More tables of assumptions and the effects of their violation including how to test them in SPSS. 33% new conceptual, computational, and all new interpretative problems. A website with Power Points, answers to the even-numbered problems, detailed solutions to the odd-numbered problems, and test items for instructors, and for students the chapter outlines, key concepts, and datasets. Each chapter begins with an outline, a list of key concepts, and a research vignette related to the concepts. Realistic examples from education and the behavioral sciences illustrate those concepts. Each example examines the procedures and assumptions and provides tips for how to run SPSS and develop an APA style write-up. Tables of assumptions and the effects of their violation are included, along with how to test assumptions in SPSS. Each chapter includes computational, conceptual, and interpretive problems. Answers to the odd-numbered problems are provided. The SPSS data sets that correspond to the book’s examples and problems are available on the web. The book covers basic and advanced analysis of variance models and topics not dealt with in other texts such as robust methods, multiple comparison and non-parametric procedures, and multiple and logistic regression models. Intended for courses in intermediate statistics and/or statistics II taught in education and/or the behavioral sciences, predominantly at the master's or doctoral level. Knowledge of introductory statistics is assumed.


Observation of a New State in the Search for the Higgs Boson at CMS

Observation of a New State in the Search for the Higgs Boson at CMS

Author: Giovanni Petrucciani

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-12-04

Total Pages: 232

ISBN-13: 8876424822

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This book describes the searches that lead to the discovery of a Higgs boson performed at CMS, one of the two main experiments at the CERN LHC. After an overview of the theory and of the CMS experiment, all search channels are described, with emphasis on the ones with the best sensitivity. The statistical methodology used to analyse and the outcomes of the searches and the discovery results are then presented in detail.


Mathematical Constants II

Mathematical Constants II

Author: Steven R. Finch

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2018-12-06

Total Pages: 783

ISBN-13: 110860403X

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Famous mathematical constants include the ratio of circular circumference to diameter, π = 3.14 ..., and the natural logarithm base, e = 2.718 .... Students and professionals can often name a few others, but there are many more buried in the literature and awaiting discovery. How do such constants arise, and why are they important? Here the author renews the search he began in his book Mathematical Constants, adding another 133 essays that broaden the landscape. Topics include the minimality of soap film surfaces, prime numbers, elliptic curves and modular forms, Poisson–Voronoi tessellations, random triangles, Brownian motion, uncertainty inequalities, Prandtl–Blasius flow (from fluid dynamics), Lyapunov exponents, knots and tangles, continued fractions, Galton–Watson trees, electrical capacitance (from potential theory), Zermelo's navigation problem, and the optimal control of a pendulum. Unsolved problems appear virtually everywhere as well. This volume continues an outstanding scholarly attempt to bring together all significant mathematical constants in one place.