Early British Computers
Author: Simon Hugh Lavington
Publisher: Manchester University Press
Published: 1980
Total Pages: 152
ISBN-13: 9780719008108
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Programmed Inequality
Author: Mar Hicks
Publisher: MIT Press
Published: 2018-02-23
Total Pages: 354
ISBN-13: 0262535181
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis “sobering tale of the real consequences of gender bias” explores how Britain lost its early dominance in computing by systematically discriminating against its most qualified workers: women (Harvard Magazine) In 1944, Britain led the world in electronic computing. By 1974, the British computer industry was all but extinct. What happened in the intervening thirty years holds lessons for all postindustrial superpowers. As Britain struggled to use technology to retain its global power, the nation’s inability to manage its technical labor force hobbled its transition into the information age. In Programmed Inequality, Mar Hicks explores the story of labor feminization and gendered technocracy that undercut British efforts to computerize. That failure sprang from the government’s systematic neglect of its largest trained technical workforce simply because they were women. Women were a hidden engine of growth in high technology from World War II to the 1960s. As computing experienced a gender flip, becoming male-identified in the 1960s and 1970s, labor problems grew into structural ones and gender discrimination caused the nation’s largest computer user—the civil service and sprawling public sector—to make decisions that were disastrous for the British computer industry and the nation as a whole. Drawing on recently opened government files, personal interviews, and the archives of major British computer companies, Programmed Inequality takes aim at the fiction of technological meritocracy. Hicks explains why, even today, possessing technical skill is not enough to ensure that women will rise to the top in science and technology fields. Programmed Inequality shows how the disappearance of women from the field had grave macroeconomic consequences for Britain, and why the United States risks repeating those errors in the twenty-first century.
A Bibliographic Guide to Resources in Scientific Computing, 1945-1975
Author: Jeffrey R. Yost
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Published: 2002-10-30
Total Pages: 273
ISBN-13: 0313077460
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAn essential contribution to the study of the history of computers, this work identifies the computer's impact on the physical, biological, cognitive, and medical sciences. References fundamental to the understudied area of the history of scientific computing also document the significant role of the sciences in helping to shape the development of computer technology. More broadly, the many resources on scientific computing help demonstrate how the computer was the most significant scientific instrument of the 20th century. The only guide of its kind covering the use and impact of computers on the the physical, biological, medical, and cognitive sciences, it contains more than 1,000 annotated citations to carefully selected secondary and primary resources. Historians of technology and science will find this a very useful resource. Computer scientists, physicians, biologists, chemists, and geologists will also benefit from this extensive bibliography on the history of computer applications and the sciences.
Scientific Computing
Author: Bertil Gustafsson
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2018-10-03
Total Pages: 271
ISBN-13: 3319698478
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book explores the most significant computational methods and the history of their development. It begins with the earliest mathematical / numerical achievements made by the Babylonians and the Greeks, followed by the period beginning in the 16th century. For several centuries the main scientific challenge concerned the mechanics of planetary dynamics, and the book describes the basic numerical methods of that time. In turn, at the end of the Second World War scientific computing took a giant step forward with the advent of electronic computers, which greatly accelerated the development of numerical methods. As a result, scientific computing became established as a third scientific method in addition to the two traditional branches: theory and experimentation. The book traces numerical methods’ journey back to their origins and to the people who invented them, while also briefly examining the development of electronic computers over the years. Featuring 163 references and more than 100 figures, many of them portraits or photos of key historical figures, the book provides a unique historical perspective on the general field of scientific computing – making it a valuable resource for all students and professionals interested in the history of numerical analysis and computing, and for a broader readership alike.
Introduction to Bioinformatics and Clinical Scientific Computing
Author: Paul S. Ganney
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2022-12-19
Total Pages: 405
ISBN-13: 1000809668
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis textbook provides an introduction to computer science theory, informatics best practice, and the standards and legislation that apply to computing in a healthcare environment. It delivers an accessible discussion of databases (construction, interrogation and maintenance); networking (design and low-level application); programming (best practice rather than the specifics of any one language – design, maintenance, safety). It can be used to accompany the NHS Modernising Scientific Careers syllabus. It is also targeted towards those creating software rather than those using it, particularly computer scientists working in healthcare, specifically those in or close to the Physical Sciences, including radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, and equipment management and those working with genomics and health informatics. Features Combines all topics into one comprehensive introduction. Explores practical applications of theory to healthcare. Can be used to accompany the NHS Modernising Scientific Careers syllabus.
Punched Card Methods in Scientific Computation
Author: Wallace John Eckert
Publisher:
Published: 1940
Total Pages: 156
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKLarge Scale Scientific Computation
Author: Seymour V. Parter
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2014-05-10
Total Pages: 337
ISBN-13: 1483277836
DOWNLOAD EBOOKLarge Scale Scientific Computation is a collection of papers that deals with specialized architectural considerations, efficient use of existing computers, software developments, large scale projects in diverse disciplines, and mathematical approaches to basic algorithmic problems. One paper describes numerical treatment of large highly nonlinear two or three dimensional boundary value problems by quadratic minimization techniques applied in many institutions such as in Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees, Avions Marcel Dassault et Breguet Aviation. Another paper discusses computer-structured design techniques to improve the reliability, efficiency, and accuracy of future production codes. Computer modelling is a potent tool in numerical weather prediction relying on observation, analysis, initialization, and model development. One paper illustrates a systolic algorithm for matrix triangulation, as well as its uses in the Cholesky decomposition of covariance matrices. Another paper describes the Transient Reactor Analysis Code (TRAC) designed to deal with internal flow problems of nuclear reactors. One paper explains the application of large-scale aerodynamic simulation where the programmer can use finite difference techniques in which a large number of mesh points are strategically and orderly placed in the domain of the flow field. The collection is intended for undergraduates in mathematics, programming, computer science, or engineering courses, and designers or researchers involved in industrial facilities, aeronautics, and nuclear design.
Numerical Methods for Scientific Computing
Author: Kyle Novak
Publisher: Equal Share Press
Published: 2022-03-13
Total Pages: 710
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA comprehensive guide to the theory, intuition, and application of numerical methods in linear algebra, analysis, and differential equations. With extensive commentary and code for three essential scientific computing languages: Julia, Python, and Matlab.
Reader's Guide to the History of Science
Author: Arne Hessenbruch
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2013-12-16
Total Pages: 986
ISBN-13: 1134263015
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Reader's Guide to the History of Science looks at the literature of science in some 550 entries on individuals (Einstein), institutions and disciplines (Mathematics), general themes (Romantic Science) and central concepts (Paradigm and Fact). The history of science is construed widely to include the history of medicine and technology as is reflected in the range of disciplines from which the international team of 200 contributors are drawn.
The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science
Author: John L. Heilbron
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2003-02-14
Total Pages: 994
ISBN-13: 9780195112290
DOWNLOAD EBOOKContaining 609 encyclopedic articles written by more than 200 prominent scholars, The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science presents an unparalleled history of the field invaluable to anyone with an interest in the technology, ideas, discoveries, and learned institutions that have shaped our world over the past five centuries. Focusing on the period from the Renaissance to the early twenty-first century, the articles cover all disciplines (Biology, Alchemy, Behaviorism), historical periods (the Scientific Revolution, World War II, the Cold War), concepts (Hypothesis, Space and Time, Ether), and methodologies and philosophies (Observation and Experiment, Darwinism). Coverage is international, tracing the spread of science from its traditional centers and explaining how the prevailing knowledge of non-Western societies has modified or contributed to the dominant global science as it is currently understood. Revealing the interplay between science and the wider culture, the Companion includes entries on topics such as minority groups, art, religion, and science's practical applications. One hundred biographies of the most iconic historic figures, chosen for their contributions to science and the interest of their lives, are also included. Above all The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science is a companion to world history: modern in coverage, generous in breadth, and cosmopolitan in scope. The volume's utility is enhanced by a thematic outline of the entire contents, a thorough system of cross-referencing, and a detailed index that enables the reader to follow a specific line of inquiry along various threads from multiple starting points. Each essay has numerous suggestions for further reading, all of which favor literature that is accessible to the general reader, and a bibliographical essay provides a general overview of the scholarship in the field. Lastly, as a contribution to the visual appeal of the Companion, over 100 black-and-white illustrations and an eight-page color section capture the eye and spark the imagination.
