The Ideologies of Taxation
The Ideologies of Taxation

Author: Louis Eisenstein

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2010-04-30

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 0674046110

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Originally published in 1961, The Ideologies of Taxation is a classic of taxationÑa long-unavailable volume that remains uniquely applicable today. Louis Eisenstein starts from the idea that the tax system in a democracy is shaped by competing factions, each seeking to minimize its burden. Because few people are convinced by appeals to self-interest, factions must give reasons, which are skillfully elaborated into systems of belief or ideologies. EisensteinÕs aim is to examine (and debunk) three major ideologies used to justify various reforms of the tax system. The ideology of ability holds that taxes should be apportioned based on ability to pay and that this is properly measured by income or wealth. The ideology of deterrents is concerned with high taxes on private enterpriseÑlow and flat taxes are desired lest the wealthy reduce their work efforts and savings. The ideology of equity is focused on equal treatment of similarly situated individuals. Eisenstein shows, with sharp wit and an instinct for the jugular, how each of these ideologies is plagued with contradictions, incompleteness, and, in some cases, self-serving claims.

The Taxation of Corporations and Shareholders
The Taxation of Corporations and Shareholders

Author: Martin Norr

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 222

ISBN-13: 9401745021

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This monograph is principally the work of the late Martin Norr. He completed a draft of the entire monograph but had not yet revised it when he died in late 1972. At that time, the integration of corporate and shareholder taxation was just beginning to become of widespread interest in the United States. With the increasing interest thereafter, the International Tax Program began to revise his manuscript, making as few changes as possible in the original draft. We had the benefit of criticism and analysis from Professor Richard M. Bird of the University of Toronto, now Director of the Institute of Policy Analysis there. In addition, Mr. Mitsuo Sato of the Ministry of Finance in Japan gave freely of his time in carefully suggesting changes throughout the manuscript. The present version of Chapter 3 owes a great deal to his additions and suggestions. Thanks are also due to Professor Hugh J. Ault of Boston College Law School for the Appendix, containing his description of the German integration system that became effective in 1977, which was first published in Law & Policy in International Business. Mr. Norr's interest in the subject of corporate and shareholder taxation developed while he was writing the International Tax Program's World Tax Series volume Taxation in France, published in 1966. The integration of French taxes on corporations and shareholders took place just after that volume was finished, but had been under discussion in France for some time before then.

Give and Take
Give and Take

Author: Shirley Tillotson

Publisher: UBC Press

Published: 2017-11-17

Total Pages: 446

ISBN-13: 077483675X

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Can a book about tax history be a page-turner? You wouldn’t think so. But Give and Take is full of surprises. A Canadian millionaire who embraced the new federal income tax in 1917. A socialist hero, J.S. Woodsworth, who deplored the burden of big government. Most surprising of all, Give and Take reveals that taxes deliver something more than armies and schools. They build democracy. Tillotson launches her story with the 1917 war income tax, takes us through the tumultuous tax fights of the interwar years, proceeds to the remaking of income taxation in the 1940s and onwards, and finishes by offering a fresh angle on the fierce conflicts surrounding tax reform in the 1960s. Taxes show us the power of the state, and Canadians often resisted that power, disproving the myth that we have always been good loyalists. But Give and Take is neither a simple tale of tax rebels nor a tirade against the taxman. Tillotson argues that Canadians also made real contributions to democracy when they taxed wisely and paid willingly.

Transfer State
Transfer State

Author: Peter Sloman

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 317

ISBN-13: 0198813260

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This book provides the first detailed history of guaranteed income schemes in modern Britain. It examines past and present British social policy debate to argue that the case for recasting the UK's transfer state to incorporate a Universal Basic Income is increasingly powerful.

Expenditure Tax
Expenditure Tax

Author: Nicholas Kaldor

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-04-04

Total Pages: 196

ISBN-13: 1317833473

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'This is one of those rare technical books which has an importance outside its own field' The Daily Telegraph. 'One of the most stimulating post-war books on public finance' The Guardian. Part 1 examines the issue of Expenditure Tax in principle and includes chapters on the following: * Income, Expenditure and Taxable Capacity * The Concept of Income in Economic Theory * Taxation and Savings * Taxation and risk-bearing * Taxation and the Incentive to Work * Company Taxation * Taxation and Economic Progress Part 2 examines the issue of Expenditure Tax in practice, asking whether personal expenditure tax is practicable and putting forward a proposal for Surtax Reform.

Studies in the History of Tax Law, Volume 7
Studies in the History of Tax Law, Volume 7

Author: Peter Harris

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2015-09-24

Total Pages: 782

ISBN-13: 1509902090

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These are the papers from the 2014 Cambridge Tax Law History Conference revised and reviewed for publication. The papers fall within six basic themes. Two papers focus on colonialism and empire dealing with early taxation in colonial New Zealand and New South Wales. Two papers deal with fiscal federalism; one on Australia in the first half of the twentieth century and the other with goods and services taxation in China. Another two papers are international in character; one considers development of the first Australia-United States tax treaty and the other development of the first League of Nations model tax treaties. Four papers focus on UK income tax; one on source, another on retention at source, a third on the use of finance bills and the fourth on establishment of the Board of Referees. Three papers deal with tax and status; one with the tax profession, another with the medical profession and a third with aristocrats. The final three papers deal with tax theorists, one with David Hume, another focused on capital transfer tax scholarship and a final paper on the tax state in the global era.

Capital Gains Taxation
Capital Gains Taxation

Author: Michael Littlewood

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2017-08-25

Total Pages: 449

ISBN-13: 1784716022

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Capital gains taxes pose a host of technical and political design problems and yet, while the literature on the theory of capital gains taxation is substantial, little has been published on how governments have addressed these dilemmas. Written by a team of distinguished international experts, Capital Gains Taxation addresses the gap in the literature; it explains how a number of countries tax capital gains and the successes and pitfalls of these methods.

Dispute Resolution Under Tax Treaties
Dispute Resolution Under Tax Treaties

Author: Zvi Daniel Altman

Publisher: IBFD

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 498

ISBN-13: 9076078947

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As the interrelationship among tax bases continues to parallel the rapid development of the global economy, disputes among governments as to their right to tax international trade and investments under income tax treaties are expected to increase in number and scope. This study takes an in-depth look at the mechanisms used to resolve such disputes and how they interact with the interests of the various parties involved in the process. The study presents an analysis of the available literature, supplemented by statistical data from North America, Europe and Asia. Analysis of this data leads to interesting insights into the way the dispute resolution process functions when it is applied in different contexts. A comprehensive common framework of analysis, based on a checklist for governments, international organizations and taxpayers, is also developed in the study. This framework lists the main advantages and disadvantages of treaty-related international income tax dispute resolution procedures. The checklist is formulated with the aim to assist readers informing policies and in arguing positions, taking into account the subjective value given by each reader to each listed item. The study concludes by suggesting the creation of a new mechanism for the resolution of tax treaty-related disputes, and advocates, in part, the establishment of a new international organization with links to domestic judicial networks. This mechanism is then subjected to the same common framework analysis and checklist used in earlier parts of the study. The analysis suggests how such a mechanism would mitigate some of the most formidable challenges associated with the current dispute resolution procedures.