This book focuses on lived ancient religious communication in Roman Dacia. Testing for the first time the ‘Lived Ancient Religion’ approach in terms of a peripheral province from the Danubian area, this work looks at the role of ‘sacralised’ spaces, known commonly as sanctuaries in the religious communication of the province.
Providing a detailed consideration of previous theories of native settlement patterns and the impact of Roman colonization, Dacia offers fresh insight into the province Dacia and the nature of Romanization. It analyzes Roman-native interaction from a landscape perspective focusing on the core territory of both the Iron Age and Roman Dacia. Oltean considers the nature and distribution of settlement in the pre-Roman and Roman periods, the human impact on the local landscapes and the changes which occurred as a result of Roman occupation. Dealing with the way that the Roman conquest and organization of Dacia impacted on the native settlement pattern and society, this book will find itself widely used amongst students of ancient Rome.
This book tells the little known story of Dacia, the powerful and rich land that became Transylvania and Romania. This kingdom was once the cornerstone of Eastern Europe. By A.D. 1, Dacia was the third largest military power in Europe, after the Romans and Germans. Most historians mistook the Dacians for Sarmatians, Scythians, even Slavs. This book revives the Dacian history and contributes to our understanding of the region as it is today. The wars, economy, and traditions of this Transylvanian land permeate the geopolitics of today's Balkan countries. To understand what is happening today in Modern Europe, we need to return to the study of this area. This book provides the context for the invasions that molded the Balkan and Eastern European nations that continue to redraw their borders and impose ethnic domination on each other.
Based on the author's thesis, this study focuses on local hand-made Late Iron Age pottery traditions of Dacia, a region which was to become a Roman province in 106 AD.
Using Eutropius' remark that Trajan, after the Dacian conquest, brought colonists from all the Roman world (ex toto orbe Romano), the author analyses the phenomenon of immigration into Roman Dacia. The approach is both epigraphic and archaeological, but from both points of view, questions remain without a (precise) answer. The list of persons who are mentioned in inscriptions is divided into three main categories: the elites, the mining population (very particular in relation to the whole population), and persons belonging to middle and lower classes. The sample does not include elements of the non-stable population, such as active soldiers or members of the Roman administration in the province. In many cases, the names of people in the epigraphic sources do not indicate the origin of such persons, and only a few natives are attested. On the other hand, archaeological evidence indicates the presence in Dacia of some stone-workers from other provinces or circulating there in consequence of various wars, although it is impossible to be precise about the circulation of the latter folk. In the end, one of the main questions is: where are the natives? In both epigraphic and archaeological sources their presence is weakly attested. The author accepts that the colonisation of Dacia was indeed intense and that Eutropius' affirmation could be true; on the other hand, combining some literary evidence with the results of the present analysis and with the author's earlier demographic research, it can be said that the Romans found Dacia to be a sparsely populated territory. This is why the colonisation was not only intense but had such a strong effect in the Romanisation of the province.
The Roman conquests of Macedonia in the 2nd century BC led directly to the extension of their authority over the troublesome tribes of Thrace to the south of the Danube. But their new neighbor on the other side of the mighty river, the kingdom of the Dacians, was to pose an increasing threat to the Roman empire. Inevitably, this eventually provoked Roman attempts at invasion and conquest. It is a measure of Dacian prowess and resilience that several tough campaigns were required over more than a century before their kingdom was added to the Roman Empire. It was one of the Empire's last major acquisitions (and a short-lived one at that). Dr. Michael Schmitz traces Roman involvement in the Danube region from first contact with the Thracians after the Third Macedonian War in the 2nd century BC to the ultimate conquest of Dacia by Trajan in the early years of the 2nd Century AD. Like the other volumes in this series, this book gives a clear narrative of the course of these wars, explaining how the Roman war machine coped with formidable new foes and the challenges of unfamiliar terrain and climate. Specially commissioned color plates bring the main troop types vividly to life in meticulously researched detail.