Benevolent Intervention in Another's Affairs
Benevolent Intervention in Another's Affairs

Author: Christian von Bar

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter

Published: 2009-04-27

Total Pages: 448

ISBN-13: 3866537069

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In all legal systems of the European Union the law of contract and the law of tort form the main pillars of the law of obligations. Legal history and comparative law show, however, that it is not possible to cope with these two bodies of rules alone – even if their scope of application is generously conceived. Another part of the law of obligations, alongside the law of unjustified enrichment, which to some extent lies “between” contract and tort and fills the gaps that those areas of the law leave behind, is subject of this Book. The Study Group on a European Civil Code has drafted Principles relating to the unsolicited and voluntary undertaking of another’s affairs on the basis of a reasonable ground for intervention: “Principles of European Law: Benevolent Intervention in Another’s Affairs”.

Sales
Sales

Author: E. H. Hondius

Publisher: sellier. european law publ.

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 526

ISBN-13: 3935808615

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The sales contact has served as the paradigm for contracts in general. Moreover, it is also probably the most common contract, and certainly the most common consumer contract that there is. Furthermore, there are many mixed transactions that contain a certain element of sale, such as distribution contracts or all sorts or manufacturing contracts. This book presents the rules regarding sales contracts under European law. The principles examined here start from the idea of a uniform regime for all kind of sales transactions. Moreover, these principles aim to meet the needs of international and national commerce alike and attempt to create a truly uniform sales law, bridging the differentiation into different settings, different parties to the contract, and different object of sales. However, when deemed necessary, certain provisions are declared mandatory in consumer sales in order to protect the weaker party in the transaction involved. To that end, a balance is struck between the two major international instruments in this area, the CISG (Contracts for the International Sale of Goods) and the Consumer Sales Directive. Moreover, during the drafting process, comparative material from over 20 different EU Member States has been taken into account. The work is not only a presentation of a future model for European rules to come, but also provides a fairly detailed indication of the present legal situation in the Member States.

Biological Rhythms
Biological Rhythms

Author: Vinod Kumar

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2002-05-01

Total Pages: 640

ISBN-13: 9783540428534

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(Chapters 11 to 14) summarise important features of the biological clock at the level of whole animal covering all vertebrate classes (fish to mammal). Chapters 15 and 16 are on long term (seasonal) rhythms in plants and higher vertebrates. Short term rhythms (ultradian rhythms), the significance of having a clock system in animals living in extreme (arctic) environments, and the diversity of circadian responses to melatonin, the key endocrine element involved in regulation of biological rhythms, have been discussed in Chapters 17 to 19. Finally, a chapter on sensitivity to light of the photoperiodic clock is added which, using vertebrate examples, illustrates the importance of wavelength and intensity of light on circadian and non-circadian functions. A well-known expert writes each chapter. When presenting information, the text provides consistent thematic coverage and feeling for the methods of investigation. Reference citation within the body of the text adequately reflects the literature as subject is developed. A chapter begins with an abstract that enables a reader to know at the first glance the important points covered in that chapter. The chapter concludes with a full citation of references included in the text, which could be useful for further reading. The book ends with a comprehensive subject index that may be useful for quick searches.