This work, which is here present in the English language, is based on a course of lectures given at the University of Helsingfors, Finland, during the academic year 1916-17. It is the author's intention to present a picture of the development of biological science throughout the ages, viewed in conjunction with the general cultural development of mankind. Regarded thus as a link in the general history of culture, the problems of biology will, it is hoped, prove of interest not only to young university students, for whom this book is primarily intended, but also to a still wider public. With regard to moderen times, for obvious reasons it has only been possible in such a brief history as this to give a very summary account of recent developments.
School Education, the third volume of Charlotte Mason's Homeschooling Series, consists of thoughts about the teaching and curriculum of children aged 9-12, either at school or at home. She suggests that parents should practice what she calls "masterly inactivity"-not neglectful or permissive parenting, but simply allowing children to work things out for themselves, do things for themselves, learn from their own mistakes, and to have time for free play, and space for spontaneity. Charlotte Mason uses "living books" instead of dry textbooks; in this book, she discusses what kinds of books to look for in each subject, and how to use them to teach children to love knowledge and become real readers and lifelong learners. Charlotte Mason was a late nineteenth-century British educator whose ideas were far ahead of her time. She believed that children are born persons worthy of respect, rather than blank slates, and that it was better to feed their growing minds with living literature and vital ideas and knowledge, rather than dry facts and knowledge filtered and pre-digested by the teacher. Her method of education, still used by some private schools and many homeschooling families, is gentle and flexible, especially with younger children, and includes first-hand exposure to great and noble ideas through books in each school subject, conveying wonder and arousing curiosity, and through reflection upon great art, music, and poetry; nature observation as the primary means of early science teaching; use of manipulatives and real-life application to understand mathematical concepts and learning to reason, rather than rote memorization and working endless sums; and an emphasis on character and on cultivating and maintaining good personal habits. Schooling is teacher-directed, not child-led, but school time should be short enough to allow students free time to play and to pursue their own worthy interests such as handicrafts.
An extensive overview of the rapidly growing field of biologicalanthropology; chapters are written by leading scholars who havethemselves played a major role in shaping the direction and scopeof the discipline. Extensive overview of the rapidly growing field of biologicalanthropology Larsen has created a who’s who of biologicalanthropology, with contributions from the leadingauthorities in the field Contributing authors have played a major role in shaping thedirection and scope of the topics they write about Offers discussions of current issues, controversies, and futuredirections within the area Presents coverage of the many recent innovations anddiscoveries that are transforming the subject
For well over a century, the United States has witnessed a prolonged debate over organic evolution and teaching of the theory in the nation's public schools. The controversy that began with the publication of Darwin's Origin of the Species had by the 1920s expanded to include theologians, politicians, and educators. The Scopes trial of 1925 provided the growing antievolution movement with significant publicity and led to a decline in the teaching of evolution in public schools. George E. Webb details how efforts to improve science education in the wake of Sputnik resurrected antievolution sentiment and led to the emergence of "creation science" as the most recent expression of that sentiment. Creationists continue to demand "balanced treatment" of theories of creation and evolution in public schools, even though their efforts have been declared unconstitutional in a series of federal court cases. Their battles have been much more successful at the grassroots level, garnering support from local politicians and educators. Webb attributes the success of creationists primarily to the lack of scientific literacy among the American public. Although a number of published studies have dealt with specific aspects of the debate, The Evolution Controversy in America represents the first complete historical survey of the topic. In it Webb provides an analysis of one of the most intriguing debates in the history of American thought.
Les Représentations des Soins Donnés à Philoctète /Danielle Gourevitch --Das mittelalterliche Leprosarium Melaten bei Aachen in der Diözese Lüttich (1230-1550) /Egon Schmitz-Cliever --Sauvages, Whytt and the Motion of the Heart: Aspects of Eighteenth Century Animism /R.K. French --Die Entwicklung der Teratologie seit dem 17. Jahrhundert und ihr Einfluß auf die klinische Medizin /Erich Hintzsche --La Valeur de l'oeuvre scientifique de Amatus Lusitanus, quatre siècles après sa mort /A. Tavares De Sousa --Germ theories in medicine prior to 1870: further comments on continuity in science /Richard Harrison Shryock --Texts and Documents /Luigi Belloni --Documenti su G.A. Brambilla quale “Leibchirurg” dell'imperatore Giuseppe II /Luigi Belloni --Vier Briefe von Constantin von Economo (1876 - 1931) /Jean Théodoridès and Théodore Vetter --Neue Dokumente zum Streit Haller - van Swieten /Erna Leksy --News and Notes --In Memoriam Richard H. Shryock /Erwin H. Ackerknecht --Valeriu L. Bologa (1892-1971) /Vasile Manoliu --International Academy of the History of Medicine: Election Results 1971 /Heinrich Schipperges --The University of Chicago - The Morris Fishbein Center --The C.D. O'Malley International Symposium on the History of Medicine in England in the Seventeenth Century /Allen G. Debus --Das Batthyaneum /Constantin Barth --WiederöFfnung des Medizinhistorischen Museums der Universität Zürich /H.M. Koelbing --Van Swieten-Symposium of the University of Vienna, 8th-10th May 1972 --IXth International Congress of Neo-Hippocratic Medicine --News From Spain and Germany --Corrigendum --Book Reviews --Modern Methods in the History of Medicine. Edit. by EDWIN CLARKE. London: Athlone Press (New York: Oxford University Press) 1971. /Lester S. King --Albrecht Hallers Tagebücher seiner Reisen nach Deutschland, Holland und England. 1723-1727. Neue verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage mit Anmerkungen: Herausgeg. von ERICH HINTZSCHE. Berner Beiträge zur Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften. N.F. Bd. 4. Bern - Stuttgart: Hans Huber Verlag 1971. 111 S., 9 Abbildungen. /Erna Lesky --Geschichte und Ikonographie des endemischen Kropfes und Kretinismus. F. MERKE: Bern: Hans Huber Publishers, 1971. 353 pp., III. Linen, DM 108,-. /D. De Moulin --Medizingeschichte in unserer Zeit. Festgabe für Edith Heischkel-Artelt und Walter Artelt zum 65. Geburtstag. Herausgegeben von HANS-HEINZ EULNER, GUNTER MANN, GERT PREISER, ROLF WINAU und OTTO WINKELMANN. Ferdinand Enke Verlag Stuttgart 1971, Balacron, 490S., 11 Abb., DM.90,-. /M.L. Portmann --The Battle against heart disease by P.E. BALDRY, Cambridge University Press 1971. /Kenneth D. Keele --Die Entwicklung der medizinischen Spezialfächer an den Universitäten des deutschen Sprachgebietes. HANS-HEINZ EULNER, Studien zur Medizingeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts IV ("Neunzehntes Jahrhundert, Forschungsunternehmen der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung, Arbeitskreis Medizingeschichte). Ferdinand Enke Verlag Stuttgart 1970. Ln., 722 S., 44 Uebersichtstafeln, DM. 108,-. /H. Buess --Psychiatry and its History. Methodological Problems in Research. Edited by GEORGE MORA, M.D. and JEANNE L. BRAND, Ph.D. Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Illinois. U.S.A. 1970. /Hans H. Walser --Gerard van Swieten and his world, 1700-1772. FRANK T. BRECHKA. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1970, pp. 171, illus. /R. Heller --Oskar Heinroth, Vater der Verhaltensforschung (1871-1945): KATHARINA HEINROTH, mit einem Geleitwort von Konrad Lorenz. Grosse Naturforscher Band 35, Stuttgart, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft 1971. 257 S., 27, 50 DM. /Eduard Seidler --Microbiology and the Spontaneous Generation Debate during the 1870's. GLENN VANDERVLIET 1 vol. 138 + 13 p., 4 pls. Lawrence (Kansas) Coronado Press, 1971. /Jean Théodoridès --Geschichte der Kinderheilkunde: ALBRECHT PEIPER. In: Handbuch der Kinderheilkunde, hrsg. von Hans Opitz und Franz Schmid. Band 1/1, Heidelberg-New York 1971, XXIV, 904 S. DM 345,- (S.1-30). /Eduard Seidler --The Legacy of Philippe Pinel. An Inquiry into Thought on Mental Alienation: WALTHER RIESE: Springer Publishing Company, Inc. New York, 1969. /Hans H. Walser --Ärzte um Karl Marx: Arbeit eines Studentenkollektives der medizinischen Faklutät an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin unter Leitung von Helmut Dessler. Berlin, VEB. Volk und Gesundheit 1970. 147 S., 10.00 M. /Eduard Seidler --Safavid Medical Practice, or The Practice of Medicine, Surgery and Gynaecology in Persia between 1500 A.D. and 1750 A.D.: CYRIL ELGOOD, Luzac and Company Ltd, London 1970, pp. 302, £ 5, 50. /Hans H. Lauer --Die Inschriften des Asklepieions. CH. HABICHT. Altertümer von Pergamon, hrsg. E. Boehringer, Bd. VIII 3, XII u. 202 S., 51 Tafeln, Berlin 1969 (W. de Gruyter). Das Basler Arztrelief. E. BERGER. Studien zum griechischen Grab- und Votivrelief um 500 v.Chr. und zur vorhippokratischen Medizin. Veröffentlichungen des Antikenmuseums Basel, Bd. 1, 202 S., 167 Abb., Basel 1970, Archiiologischer Verlag. /Fridolf Kudlien --“PHASIANUS”. Studien zur Kulturgeschichte des Fasans: Christian Wilhelm Hünemörder. Diss. phil. Bonn, 1970. 569 S. /Helmut Leitner --Contributors to this Issue --Back Matter --Ammianus and Alexandria /Vivian Nutton --Louis et la Méthode numérique /M. Bariéty --The Paracelsians and the Chemists: the Chemical Dilemma in Renaissance Medicine /Allen G. Debus --On the Use of Military Metaphor in Western Medical Literature: The bellum contra morbum of Thomas Campanella (1568-1639) /L.J. Rather and J.B. Frerichs --Early Nineteenth Century Ophthalmological Clinics in Egypt /Laverne Kuhnke --Texts and Documents --An English Translation of the Hitherto Untranslated Part of Rokitansky's Einleitung to volume 1 of the Handbuch der allgemeinen Pathologie (1846), with a Bibliography of Rokitansky's Published Works /L.J. Rather and Eva R. Rohl --News and Notes --In Memoriam Jose Luis Molinari 1898-1971 /Francisco Guerra --Eine Sozialgeschichte Der Medizin Im Curriculum Spanischer Hochschulen /Heinrich Schipperges --News of Our Members --Pawlow-Studienausgabe im Verlag Kindler --Honorary M.D. of the University of Vienna for Anna Freud --Book Reviews --The Falling Sickness. The History of Epilepsy from the Greeks to the Beginnings of Modern Neurology: OSWEI TEMKIN. The Johns Hopkins Press. Second Edition Revised. 467 pages. USD 15.00 /Francis Schiller --The Trade in Lunacy: A Study of Private Madhouses in England in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries: WILLIAM L. PARRYJONES. XVIII + 330 pp, XI plates, 9 figures, 37 tables. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Toronto: University of Toronto Press 1972. £.4.75 ;5.00. /Dieter Jetter --La médicine égyptienne au temps des Pharaons. By Dr. ANGE-PIERRE LECA. Published by Roger Dacosta, Paris. 1971. 486 p., Ill. /Kenneth D. Keele --Jiří Procháska, 1749-1820: Základy fysiologie člověeka II., Vídeň 1797. Prěložil a poznámkami opatrǐl MUC. KAMIL RESLER' Grundlagen der Physiologie des Menschen. Wien 1797, 2. Teil, übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen versehen von MUC. Kamil Resler. Prag: Academia Verlag 1971. /Norbert Dukaz --The Pre-Columbian Mind. FRANCISCO GUERRA. London - New York, Seminar Press, 1971, 15,5 × 23,5 cm, XVI + 335 p., £ 4.50. /M.D. Grmek --Peter Ludvig Panums videnskabelige indsats: ALBERT GJEDDE. Bibliotek for Laeger København 1971. 256 S., Ill. /Vilh. Möller-Christensen --Erwin H. Ackerknecht: Medicine and Ethnology Selected Essays. Edited by H.H. WALSER and H.M. KOELBING. Verlag Hans Huber, Bern: 1971. 195 pages, paperbound. Fr. 21. - /DM 26.- /Charles C. Hughes --Opere Biologiche di Aristotele. A cura di DIEGO LANZA E MARIO VEGETTI. Classicidella Scienza. Torino 1971. 1314 S. /Helmut Leitner --Contributors to this Issue --Back Matter.
In this volume, Andrea Borghini and Elena Casetta introduce a wide spectrum of key philosophical problems related to life sciences in a neat framework and an accessible style, with a special emphasis on metaphysical issues. The volume is divided into three parts. The first addresses the two main questions stemming from life sciences: what is life, and what is the correct understanding of the theory of evolution? The second part looks at metaphysical questions concerning biological entities: environments, species, organisms, and biological individuals. The third part focuses on theoretical questions of particular ethical and political significance: sex and gender, the biotechnological revolution, and the evolution of behavior and culture. Each chapter is followed by a list of further readings.
Who was Nicolas Rashevsky? To answer that question, this book draws on Rashevsky’s unexplored personal archival papers and shares interviews with his family, students and friends, as well as discussions with biologists and mathematical biologists, to flesh out and complete the picture. “Most modern-day biologists have never heard of Rashevsky. Why?” In what constitutes the first detailed biography of theoretical physicist Nicolas Rashevsky (1899-1972), spanning key aspects of his long scientific career, the book captures Rashevsky’s ways of thinking about the place mathematical biology should have in biology and his personal struggle for the acceptance of his views. It brings to light the tension between mathematicians, theoretical physicists and biologists when it comes to the introduction of physico-mathematical tools into biology. Rashevsky’s successes and failures in his efforts to establish mathematical biology as a subfield of biology provide an important test case for understanding the role of theory (in particular mathematics) in understanding the natural world. With the biological sciences moving towards new vistas of inter- and multi-disciplinary collaborations and research programs, the book will appeal to a wide readership ranging from historians, sociologists, and ethnographers of American science and culture to students and general readers with an interest in the history of the life sciences, mathematical biology and the social construction of science.
This book is a thought-provoking assessment of assumptions inhibiting progress in comparative biology. The volume is inspired by a list generated years earlier by Donn Rosen, one of the most influential, innovative and productive comparative biologists of the latter 20th century. His list has assumed almost legendary status among comparative evolutionary biologists. Surprisingly many of the obstructing assumptions implicated by Rosen remain relevant today. Any comparative biologist hoping to avoid such assumptions in their own research will benefit from this introspective volume.
