Fluoride in Drinking Water
Fluoride in Drinking Water

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2007-01-22

Total Pages: 531

ISBN-13: 030910128X

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Most people associate fluoride with the practice of intentionally adding fluoride to public drinking water supplies for the prevention of tooth decay. However, fluoride can also enter public water systems from natural sources, including runoff from the weathering of fluoride-containing rocks and soils and leaching from soil into groundwater. Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. Fluoride is one of the drinking water contaminants regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because it can occur at these toxic levels. In 1986, the EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter, a guideline designed to prevent the public from being exposed to harmful levels of fluoride. Fluoride in Drinking Water reviews research on various health effects from exposure to fluoride, including studies conducted in the last 10 years.

Fluoride in Drinking Water
Fluoride in Drinking Water

Author: A.K. Gupta

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2016-04-05

Total Pages: 208

ISBN-13: 1498756530

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Explore the Health Effects of Fluoride PollutionFluoride in Drinking Water: Status, Issues, and Solutions establishes the negative impacts of naturally occurring fluoride on human health and considers the depth and scope of fluoride pollution on an international scale. The book discusses current global water quality and fluoride-related issues and

Review of Fluoride Benefits and Risks
Review of Fluoride Benefits and Risks

Author: United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Committee to Coordinate Environmental Health and Related Programs. Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Fluoride

Publisher:

Published: 1991

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13:

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The Case Against Fluoride
The Case Against Fluoride

Author: Paul H. Connett

Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 394

ISBN-13: 1603582878

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In the case of water fluoridation, the chemicals used to fluoridate the water that more than 180 million people drink each day are not pharmaceutical grade, but rather hazardous waste products of the phosphate fertilizer industry; it is illegal to dump them into rivers and lakes or release them into the atmosphere. And water fluoridation is a prime example of one of the worst medical practices possible-forced medication with no control over the dose or who gets it. Perhaps most shocking of all, it is not subject to any federal regulation. At once painstakingly-documented and also highly-readable, The Case Against Fluoride brings new research to light, including links between fluoride and harm to the brain, bones, and kidneys, and argues that while there is possible value in topical applications like brushing your teeth with fluoride toothpaste, the evidence that swallowing fluoride reduces tooth decay is surprisingly weak.

Prevalence and Severity of Dental Fluorosis in the United States, 1999-2004
Prevalence and Severity of Dental Fluorosis in the United States, 1999-2004

Author: Eugenio D. Beltrán-Aguilar

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 8

ISBN-13:

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"Dental fluorosis refers to changes in the appearance of tooth enamel that are caused by long-term ingestion of fluoride during the time teeth are forming. Studies conducted in the 1930s showed that the severity of tooth decay was lower and dental fluorosis was higher in areas with more fluoride in the drinking water. In response to these findings, community water fluoridation programs were developed to add fluoride to drinking water to reach an optimal level for preventing tooth decay, while limiting the chance of developing dental fluorosis. By the 1980s, studies in selected U.S. communities reported an increase in dental fluorosis, paralleling the expansion of water fluoridation and the increased availability of other sources of ingested fluoride, such as fluoride toothpaste (if swallowed) and fluoride supplements. This report describes the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the United States and changes in the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among adolescents between 1986-1987 and 1999-2004. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004 and the 1986-1987 National Survey of Oral Health in U.S. School Children." - p. 1.

Review of Fluoride
Review of Fluoride

Author: DIANE Publishing Company

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 1994-04

Total Pages: 243

ISBN-13: 0788107291

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A comprehensive review and evaluation of the public health benefits and risks of fluoride in drinking water and other sources. Covers: properties, metabolism and sources of fluoride; health benefit assessment of fluoride; health risk assessment of fluoride; findings and conclusions; and recommendations. Extensive bibliography. Includes 8 appendices: surveys of dental fluoride prevalence, 1939-1987; osteosarcoma; gentoxicity of fluoride, and much more.

Fluoride in Drinking-water
Fluoride in Drinking-water

Author: John Kirtley Fawell

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 145

ISBN-13: 9241563192

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Fluoride is known to occur at elevated concentration in a number of parts of the world, where it can be a significant cause of disease. The primary focus of this book is the prevention of adverse health effects from excessive levels of fluoride in drinking water. The book fills the urgent need, identified for updating the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, for information on the occurrence of fluoride, its health effects, ways of reducing excess levels, and methods for analysis of fluoride in water. The draft document, produced by a working group of experts convened to consider protection from fluoride and its control, was issued for extensive review and consultation. The resultant book, which incorporates the comments received, was further peer reviewed by experts in developed and developing countries. It is aimed at a wide range of individuals, including health workers and sanitary engineers who may require a broad introduction to the subject with more detailed guidance in some specific areas. Fluoride in Drinking-waterwill be an invaluable reference source for all those concerned with the management of drinking water containing fluoride and the health effects arising from its consumption, including water sector managers and practitioners, as well as health sector staff at policy and implementation levels. It will also be of interest to researchers, students, development workers, and consultants.