Planning in Cold War Europe
Planning in Cold War Europe

Author: Michel Christian

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2018-10-08

Total Pages: 582

ISBN-13: 3110532409

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The idea of planning economy and engineering social life has often been linked with Communist regimes’ will of control. However, the persuasion that social and economic processes could and should be regulated was by no means limited to them. Intense debates on these issues developed already during the First World War in Europe and became globalized during the World Economic crisis. During the Cold War, such discussions fuelled competition between two models of economic and social organisation but they also revealed the convergences and complementarities between them. This ambiguity, so often overlooked in histories of the Cold War, represents the central issue of the book organized around three axes. First, it highlights how know-how on planning circulated globally and were exchanged by looking at international platforms and organizations. The volume then closely examines specificities of planning ideas and projects in the Communist and Capitalist World. Finally, it explores East-West channels generated by exchanges around issues of planning which functioned irrespective of the Iron Curtain and were exported in developing countries. The volume thus contributes to two fields undergoing a process of profound reassessment: the history of modernisation and of the Cold War.

Urban Planning Theory Since 1945
Urban Planning Theory Since 1945

Author: Nigel Taylor

Publisher: SAGE

Published: 1998-12-12

Total Pages: 196

ISBN-13: 9780761960935

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Taylor describes the development of urban planning ideas since the end of the Second World War, outlining the main theories from the traditional view of planning as an exercise in physical design to recent views of planning as 'communicative action'.

A New Beginning?
A New Beginning?

Author: Detlef Briesen

Publisher: Campus Verlag

Published: 2022-04-13

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 3593449935

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Raumplanung versucht, die Zustände in einer Gesellschaft über die Ordnung ihres Raumes zu verbessern. Dieser Band befasst sich mit ihrer Geschichte zwischen 1945 und 1975, vor allem in ausgewählten Ländern Westeuropas. Damals waren die Folgen zweier Weltkriege zu bewältigen; zudem war der Weg in eine bessere Zukunft zu ebnen, hin zu Sozialstaat, Demokratie und europäischer Einigung. Doch die Raumplanung galt wegen ihres Erbes aus kolonialem Herrschaftsdenken, autoritären Reformprogrammen und Faschismus bzw. Kommunismus als vorbelastet; außerdem stand sie in Konkurrenz zu den Fachplanungen der Ministerien und der (markt)wirtschaftlichen Rahmenplanung.

The Transatlantic Collapse of Urban Renewal
The Transatlantic Collapse of Urban Renewal

Author: Christopher Klemek

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 2011-07

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 0226441741

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The Transatlantic Collapse of Urban Renewal examines how postwar thinkers from both sides of the Atlantic considered urban landscapes radically changed by the political and physical realities of sprawl, urban decay, and urban renewal. With a sweep that encompasses New York, London, Berlin, Philadelphia, and Toronto, among others, Christopher Klemek traces changing responses to the challenging issues that most affected the lives of the world’s cities. In the postwar decades, the principles of modernist planning came to be challenged—in the grassroots revolts against the building of freeways through urban neighborhoods, for instance, or by academic critiques of slum clearance policy agendas—and then began to collapse entirely. Over the 1960s, several alternative views of city life emerged among neighborhood activists, New Left social scientists, and neoconservative critics. Ultimately, while a pessimistic view of urban crisis may have won out in the United States and Great Britain, Klemek demonstrates that other countries more successfully harmonized urban renewal and its alternatives. Thismuch anticipated book provides one of the first truly international perspectives on issues central to historians and planners alike, making it essential reading for anyone engaged with either field.

"What Future for Japan?"

Author: Rudolf V. A. Janssens

Publisher: Rodopi

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 534

ISBN-13: 9789051838855

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Within a few months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States government began to plan a policy for a defeated Japan. In order to avoid any future attacks on the United States, Japanese society had to be changed. Politicians, Japan specialists, historians, political scientists, and anthropologists debated the future of Japan. Topics ranged from the future role of the Emperor and politics, to Japanese economy, to re-education of the Japanese people. Eventually an overall policy for postwar Japan was formulated, which was to a high degree executed by General Douglas MacArthur during the Occupation of Japan. This study is based on research in the records of the government policy planners, both private papers and official records. It is the first book-length study of the American planning for the occupation of Japan, including the drafting of policy, not only in the State Department but also in the War Department, Office of Strategic Services, and the Office of War Information. The analysis focuses on the development of strategies for remodeling postwar Japan as well as on the meaning of Japan constructed by various planners and decision makers and the impact of their constructions on American Occupation policy.

Redevelopment and Race
Redevelopment and Race

Author: June Manning Thomas

Publisher: Wayne State University Press

Published: 2013-04-15

Total Pages: 314

ISBN-13: 0814339085

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In the decades following World War II, professional city planners in Detroit made a concerted effort to halt the city's physical and economic decline. Their successes included an award-winning master plan, a number of laudable redevelopment projects, and exemplary planning leadership in the city and the nation. Yet despite their efforts, Detroit was rapidly transforming into a notorious symbol of urban decay. In Redevelopment and Race: Planning a Finer City in Postwar Detroit, June Manning Thomas takes a look at what went wrong, demonstrating how and why government programs were ineffective and even destructive to community needs. In confronting issues like housing shortages, blight in older areas, and changing economic conditions, Detroit's city planners worked during the urban renewal era without much consideration for low-income and African American residents, and their efforts to stabilize racially mixed neighborhoods faltered as well. Steady declines in industrial prowess and the constant decentralization of white residents counteracted planners' efforts to rebuild the city. Among the issues Thomas discusses in this volume are the harmful impacts of Detroit's highways, the mixed record of urban renewal projects like Lafayette Park, the effects of the 1967 riots on Detroit's ability to plan, the city-building strategies of Coleman Young (the city's first black mayor) and his mayoral successors, and the evolution of Detroit's federally designated Empowerment Zone. Examining the city she knew first as an undergraduate student at Michigan State University and later as a scholar and planner, Thomas ultimately argues for a different approach to traditional planning that places social justice, equity, and community ahead of purely physical and economic objectives. Redevelopment and Race was originally published in 1997 and was given the Paul Davidoff Award from the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning in 1999. Students and teachers of urban planning will be grateful for this re-release. A new postscript offers insights into changes since 1997.