In March 1993, Secretary of Defense Aspin initiated a comprehensive review of the nation's defense strategy, force structure, modernization, infrastructure, and foundations. He felt that a department-wide review needed to be conducted "from the bottom up" because of the dramatic changes that have occurred in the world as a result of the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. These changes in the international security environment have fundamentally altered America's security needs. Thus, the underlying premise of the Bottom-Up Review was that we needed to reassess all of our defense concepts, plans, and programs from the ground up. This final report on the Bottom-Up Review provides the results of that unprecedented and collaborative effort. It represents the product of hundreds of individuals' labor and dedication. It describes the extensive analysis that went into the review and the recommendations and decisions that emerged.
In the bottom-up review of America's defense needs, DoD judged that it is prudent to maintain the capacity to fight and win two nearly simultaneous major regional conflicts, and determined the forces, capability improvements, and funding necessary to do so. This report discusses this bottom-up review and examines assumptions about key aspects of the two-conflict strategy to determine whether they reasonably support DoD's conclusions that the projected force, with capability enhancements, can execute the strategy. Charts and tables.
From the bestselling authors of Marketing Warfare comes another winner that turns conventional views of marketing upside-down, presenting a step-by-step approach to turn an effective tactic into an overall business strategy.
On 1 September 1993, Secretary of Defense Les Aspin publicly announced the results of the DoD Bottom-Up Review (BUR), declaring it was "a product of a comprehensive, broadly collaborative review based on the real dangers that face America in this new time."' Secretary Aspin's announcement capped the nation's second effort to determine a defense structure sized and shaped for a post-Cold War world. This essay examines the 1993 BUR, its intent, key assumptions, and the ability of the resulting force structure to support the objectives of the Administration's National Security Strategy>' of Enlargement and Engagement Joint Publication 1-02 defines "national security strategy" as "the art and science of developing, applying, and coordinating the instruments of national power (diplomatic, economic, military, and informational) to achieve objectives that contribute to national security"2. The art and science of defense planning is an imperfect, iterative process, especially in a time of transition and uncertainty. This essay concludes the BUR was based on a number of assumptions that may need to be revisited in order to resolve the emerging shortfalls in U.S. defense capabilities. Doing so will require another defense review, one that builds on the lessons learned from the Bottom-Up Review to ensure the Armed Forces remain prepared to meet the dangers and challenges of the future, in peace and in war.
A charming novel about falling in love (or like) in the digital age—the never-before-seen full story. Madeline and Elliot meet at a New York City restaurant opening. Flirtation—online—ensues. A romance, potentially eternal, possibly doomed, begins. And, like most things in life today, their early exchanges are available to be scrutinized and interpreted by well-intentioned friends who are a mere click away. Madeline and Elliot's relationship unfolds through a series of thrilling, confounding, and funny exchanges with each other, and, of course, with their best friends and dubious confidants (Emily and David). The result is a brand-new kind of modern romantic comedy, in format, in content, and even in creation—the authors exchanged e-mails in real time, blind to each other's side conversations. You will nod in appreciation and roll your eyes in recognition; you'll learn a thing or two about how the other half approaches a new relationship . . . and you will cheer for an unexpected ending that just might restore your faith in falling in love, twenty-first-century style.
Bottom-up is a way of life and a way of doing business. The Bottom-Up Revolution picks up where Malcolm Gladwell's Tipping Point left off, describing an emerging cultural phenomenon with deep biological and evolutionary underpinnings. It is a how-to book for businesses, leaders, organizations, activists, and individuals, cracking wide-open humankind's biggest trend in seven million years. By understanding the roots and implications of "bottom up" and "top down" you'll be better able to tap the incredible power of this trend, as the billionaire founders of Craigslist, Google, Facebook, and Twitter, and political revolutionaries have done. It includes interview excerpts with Twitter founder Jack Dorsey, Craigslist founder Craig Newmark, Fritjof Capra, Frans de Waal, Ann Marie Slaughter, Joseph Nye, Naomi Klein, Nicholas Carr, Riane Eisler, George Lakoff, Douglas Rushkoff, Robin Chase, Darcia Narvaez, Dennis Kucinich, Tim O'Reilly, Mike Medavoy, and John McKnight. Why you need this book? You can learn: to unleash the bottom-up powers brimming within you to apply bottom-up ideas to make your organization more successful to connect better and how connection and disconnection have changed how top-down thinking and values have enabled an authoritarian explosion to have more, better, deeper positive experiences how and why to have hero's journeys how bottom-up is a core progressive value how some of the most successful business pioneers have tapped the power of bottom-up to tap new, revolutionary ways to manage to use bottom-up thinking and ways to more effectively use social media and search engines to use bottom-up approaches to build more effective, smarter, successful websites build and access power-political, personal, community, organizational-that was not available in the top-down world, before the bottom-up revolution to run effective, successful crowdsourcing campaigns how to get yourself or your organization a Wikipedia page why bottom-up is one of the most disruptive forces in the world to think about creating new products and business that tap into our bottom-up genetic evolutionary wiring how bottom-up thinking is a core part of making activism work, making your visions for change a reality. to understand how bottom-up will change your life, world, and relationships how story plays an essential bottom-up role in changing yourself and the world to see the world through bottom-up eyes, with more caring, compassion, and understanding of how culture and society work
