Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.
This note provides guidance to facilitate the staff’s advice on macroprudential policy in Fund surveillance. It elaborates on the principles set out in the “Key Aspects of Macroprudential Policy,” taking into account the work of international standard setters as well as the evolving country experience with macroprudential policy. The main note is accompanied by supplements offering Detailed Guidance on Instruments and Considerations for Low Income Countries
Shows how the politics of banking crises has been transformed by the growing 'great expectations' among middle class voters that governments should protect their wealth.
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) charters, regulates, and supervises all national banks and federal savings associations (collectively, banks), as well as federal branches and agencies of foreign banks. In regulating banks, the OCC has the power to:* examine the banks.* approve or deny applications for new charters, branches, capital, or otherchanges in corporate or banking structure.* take supervisory actions against banks that do not comply with lawsand regulations or that otherwise engage in unsafe or unsound practices.The OCC also can remove officers and directors, negotiate agreementsto change banking practices, and issue cease-and-desist (C&D) orders aswell as civil money penalties (CMP).* issue rules and regulations, legal interpretations, and corporate decisionsgoverning investments, lending, and other activities.Boards of directors play critical roles in the successful operation of banks. The OCC recognizes the challenges facing bank directors. The Director's Book: Role of Directors for National Banks and Federal Savings Associations helps directors fulfill their responsibilities in a prudent manner. This book provides an overview of the OCC, outlines directors' responsibilities as well as management's role, explains basic concepts and standards for safe and sound operation of banks, and delineates laws and regulations that apply to banks. To better understand a particular bank activity and its associated risks, directors should refer to the Comptroller's Handbook booklets, including the "Corporate and Risk Governance" booklet. For information generally found in board reports, including "red flags"--ratios or trends that may signal existing or potential problems--directors should refer to Detecting Red Flags in Board Reports: A Guide for Directors..
Why America's public-private mortgage giants threaten the world economy—and what to do about it The financial collapse of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in 2008 led to one of the most sweeping government interventions in private financial markets in history. The bailout has already cost American taxpayers close to $150 billion, and substantially more will be needed. The U.S. economy--and by extension, the global financial system--has a lot riding on Fannie and Freddie. They cannot fail, yet that is precisely what these mortgage giants are guaranteed to do. How can we limit the damage to our economy, and avoid making the same mistakes in the future? Guaranteed to Fail explains how poorly designed government guarantees for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac led to the debacle of mortgage finance in the United States, weighs different reform proposals, and provides sensible, practical recommendations. Despite repeated calls for tougher action, Washington has expanded the scope of its guarantees to Fannie and Freddie, fueling more and more housing and mortgages all across the economy--and putting all of us at risk. This book unravels the dizzyingly immense, highly interconnected businesses of Fannie and Freddie. It proposes a unique model of reform that emphasizes public-private partnership, one that can serve as a blueprint for better organizing and managing government-sponsored enterprises like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In doing so, Guaranteed to Fail strikes a cautionary note about excessive government intervention in markets.
