Reducing the Human and Environmental Risks of Obsolete Pesticides

Reducing the Human and Environmental Risks of Obsolete Pesticides

Author: Weltbank

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Obsolete pesticide stocks have accumulated in most of the world's developing countries and economies in transition in recent decades. International organizations estimate that some 500,000 tons are stockpiled worldwide, about half of which are located in countries of the former Soviet Union. Across the African continent, obsolete stocks total about 50,000 tons, while Latin America has at least 30,000 tons. This report includes the following sections: section one includes overview, section two include risk assessment method for priority-setting. Section three includes setting cleanup priorities in Tunisia. Section four includes cleanup and safeguarding highlights in Africa. Finally, section five includes reducing the risk.


Reducing the Human and Environmental Risks of Obsolete Pesticides

Reducing the Human and Environmental Risks of Obsolete Pesticides

Author: World Bank

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Obsolete pesticide stocks have accumulated in most of the world's developing countries and economies in transition in recent decades. International organizations estimate that some 500,000 tons are stockpiled worldwide, about half of which are located in countries of the former Soviet Union. Across the African continent, obsolete stocks total about 50,000 tons, while Latin America has at least 30,000 tons. This report includes the following sections: section one includes overview, section two include risk assessment method for priority-setting. Section three includes setting cleanup priorities in Tunisia. Section four includes cleanup and safeguarding highlights in Africa. Finally, section five includes reducing the risk.


Obsolete Pesticides: A ticking time bomb and why we have to act now

Obsolete Pesticides: A ticking time bomb and why we have to act now

Author:

Publisher: CEPS

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 26

ISBN-13: 929079884X

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Pesticides become obsolete when they can no longer be used for their intended purpose because they have been banned on account of their prolonged impact on the environment and/or because they cannot be used due to age, deterioration or a change of specification of currently applied pesticides. This problem has been addressed by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), which was ratified by most EU member states and many but not all non-EU countries from Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. It entered into force in 2004. The Convention and the subsequent National Implementation Plans (NIPs) drawn up by signatories have addressed the problems to some extent, notably within the EU. Within the EU, producers have been legally obliged to manage obsolete pesticides (OPs), including organising their collection and destruction according to EU laws applicable to hazardous waste management. With EU enlargement, EU law has consequently become applicable to the new member states as well. The process has been accelerated by EU programmes such as PHARE or national programmes established by some member states. However, implementation of the provisions of the Stockholm Convention on their own is hardly sufficient to effectively deal with the risks associated with OPs. The Convention only deals with nine specific OPs (hereafter called Persistent Organic Pollutant or POP pesticides), which represent a small proportion of the total number that are obsolete. In addition, and in close geographical proximity to the EU, problems remain, especially in South-East Europe and the countries of the former Soviet Union.


Environmental Management Tool Kit for Obsolete Pesticides: A. Environmental risk assessment. B. Prioritization of stores. C. Regional prioritization and risk tracking

Environmental Management Tool Kit for Obsolete Pesticides: A. Environmental risk assessment. B. Prioritization of stores. C. Regional prioritization and risk tracking

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Publisher: Fao Pesticide Disposal

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 64

ISBN-13:

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Stocks of obsolete, unwanted and banned pesticides continue to represent a serious public health and environmental threat, particularly in developing countries. This tool kit, in three volumes, has been developed for country project managers, officers of government ministries of agriculture, environment and health, and regional and district officers and storekeepers, to support them in planning all the steps of a safe disposal programme. Vol. 1 covers: A, Environmental risk assessment; B, Prioritization of stores; C, regional prioritization and risk tracking.


Pesticides

Pesticides

Author: Graham Matthews

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2015-10-26

Total Pages: 297

ISBN-13: 1118975863

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Crop protection continues to be an important component of modern farming to maintain food production to feed an expanding human population, but considerable changes have occurred in the regulation of pesticides in Europe in the last decade. The aim has been to reduce their impact on people and the environment. This has resulted in a major reduction in the number of chemicals approved for application on crops. In other parts of the world, a continuing expansion in the growing of genetically modified crops has also changed the pattern of pesticide use. In this second edition, Graham Matthews, updates how pesticides are registered and applied and the techniques used to mitigate their effects in the environment. Information on operator safety, protection of workers in crops treated with pesticides and spray drift affecting those who live in farming areas is also discussed. By bringing together the most recent research on pesticides in a single volume, this book provides a vital up to date resource for agricultural scientists, agronomists, plant scientists, plant pathologists, entomologists, environmental scientists, public health personnel, toxicologists and others working in the agrochemical industry and governments. It should assist development of improvements in harmonising regulation of pesticides in countries with limited resources for registration of pesticides.


International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management

International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.

Published: 2018-09-03

Total Pages: 37

ISBN-13: 9251091870

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The understanding that some pesticides are more hazardous than others is well established. Recognition of this is reflected by the World Health Organization (WHO) Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard, which was first published in 1975. The document classifies pesticides in one of five hazard classes according to their acute toxicity. In 2002, the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) was introduced, which in addition to acute toxicity also provides classification of chemicals according to their chronic health hazards and environmental hazards.


Environmental Management Tool Kit for Obsolete Pesticides - Volume 5

Environmental Management Tool Kit for Obsolete Pesticides - Volume 5

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.

Published: 2020-01-23

Total Pages: 132

ISBN-13: 9251321000

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Within the remit of reducing world hunger FAO has been extensively involved with pests and pesticides management. Based on the experience gained over the past 20 years FAO has developed a series of tools which allow a risk based approach to dealing with obsolete pesticide stocks considering the potential impact on both public health and the wider environment. This has led to the development and publication of the Environmental Management Tool Kit Series. The methodologies presented in these tools have been developed to provide a sound technical baseline for implementation of pesticide inventory, obsolete stock site prioritization and safeguarding projects in developing and developed countries in many regions across the globe. They have a solid foundation in international regulations from the US and Europe and so can be considered as complying with international best practice for worker and environmental safety. Despite the implementation of projects resulting in the removal of the above ground stocks, pesticide legacy problems persist that affect the ground beneath the sites and the groundwater passing through it. In many cases the grounds at these sites present a greater risk to human health and the wider environment than the original pesticide stockpiles which are often sent for environmentally sound disposal. To assess the particular risks posed by pesticide contaminated land, FAO has developed a fifth tool in the EMTK series, the EMTK 5. The conclusions drawn from using EMTK5 enable the development of a national contaminated land risk management plan and site level risk reduction strategies which


Terminal Evaluation of ''Prevention and Disposal of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Obsolete Pesticides in Eritrea'' Phase II

Terminal Evaluation of ''Prevention and Disposal of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Obsolete Pesticides in Eritrea'' Phase II

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.

Published: 2020-02-07

Total Pages: 68

ISBN-13: 9251321582

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Pesticides have helped control disease and increase crop production for food security. However poor management of pesticides has shown negative impacts human health and the environment, including death and disability among users. Of particular concern are Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) that are highly effective in the control of the insect vectors of malaria and sleeping sickness and locusts. FAO supported by GEF implemented a POPs project in Eritrea to safeguard and dispose existing stocks of obsolete pesticides, as well as working to reduce risk across the pesticide lifecycle at the policy level. The evaluation found that one of project’s main success was the safeguarding and disposal of 364 tons of obsolete pesticides and its contribution to the nationwide adoption of FFS and IPM. In the future, the evaluation recommends that the Project Steering Committee, with the support of FAO should take steps to ensure that reducing the risk from pesticides remains a priority for the government. Project code: GCP/ERI/014/GFF GEF ID: 3987


Environmental Management Tool Kit for Obsolete Pesticides - Volume 6

Environmental Management Tool Kit for Obsolete Pesticides - Volume 6

Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.

Published: 2020-01-23

Total Pages: 82

ISBN-13: 9251321124

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Environmental Management Tool Kit Volume 6 is intended to provide practical methods to assist countries in the formulation of strategies for the management of pesticide contaminated land. As risk reduction largely depends on the accuracy of site investigation and associated risk assessment this document is meant to be used in close conjunction with EMTK Volume 5, the outputs of which are critical in the design of pesticide contaminated land environmental management plans. The previous volumes of the FAO EMTK series (Volumes 1- 4) are designed to assist countries with the risk management of obsolete pesticide stocks. From a wider perspective the approaches used to deal with obsolete stocks and contaminated land are similar. For both contaminated land and obsolete stocks the first step requires a preliminary risk assessment to prioritize sites in terms of urgency for risk management and to estimate the absolute risk. Due to the nature of contaminated land, an additional series of assessment steps (further described by EMTK5) are required to understand what is going on below ground and how this affects risk, that are not required for obsolete stocks, the risks for which can largely be understood from a single visit to each site. Where the risk management of obsolete stocks and contaminated land differ is in the number and types of disposal options and risk reduction techniques required. As risk management of contaminated land requires dealing with larger sources, usually at lower concentrations, and the escape of and exposure to contaminants in many different ways.


Pesticides and the Future

Pesticides and the Future

Author: Ronald J. Kuhr

Publisher: IOS Press

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 344

ISBN-13: 9789051993882

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This book brings together over 30 contributors with expertise in a variety of disciplines related to the topic. Although efforts continue toward reduction or elimination of pesticide chemicals in the management of pests in agriculture, public health and the urban arena, chemicals will continue to be one of the main weapons in control of insects, weeds, nematodes, plant diseases, etc. for some time to come. While considerable information is known about the acute toxicity of these compounds, information on the chronic effects from exposure to minute amounts of pesticide residues in food, water, air and soil is often very limited. This book approaches the topic from several different vantage points including pesticide epidemiology, new modes of action to minimize nontarget exposure, bioremediation of contaminated areas, molecular biology of the modes of action and detoxication of pesticides, and the dynamics of pesticide movement in the environment. As world leaders in the manufacture and use of pesticides, countries must cooperate in the search for safer pesticides with minimum chronic effects on humans and the environment. This book helps to remove the barriers of distance and language and should lead to new cooperative research efforts across country lines and discipline lines. Contents: Epidemiology of Pesticides Chronic Effects of Pesticides on Health Safer Insecticides Bioremediation of Pesticide Residues Biochemical and Molecular Biology of Pesticides Pesticide Ecology/Dynamics