Reconsidering Historical Epistemology
Author: Matteo Vagelli
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published:
Total Pages: 223
ISBN-13: 3031615557
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How History Matters to Philosophy
Author: Robert C. Scharff
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2014-02-03
Total Pages: 346
ISBN-13: 1134626738
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn recent decades, widespread rejection of positivism’s notorious hostility toward the philosophical tradition has led to renewed debate about the real relationship of philosophy to its history. How History Matters to Philosophy takes a fresh look at this debate. Current discussion usually starts with the question of whether philosophy’s past should matter, but Scharff argues that the very existence of the debate itself demonstrates that it already does matter. After an introductory review of the recent literature, he develops his case in two parts. In Part One, he shows how history actually matters for even Plato’s Socrates, Descartes, and Comte, in spite of their apparent promotion of conspicuously ahistorical Platonic, Cartesian, and Positivistic ideals. In Part Two, Scharff argues that the real issue is not whether history matters; rather it is that we already have a history, a very distinctive and unavoidable inheritance, which paradoxically teaches us that history’s mattering is merely optional. Through interpretations of Dilthey, Nietzsche, and Heidegger, he describes what thinking in a historically determinate way actually involves, and he considers how to avoid the denial of this condition that our own philosophical inheritance still seems to expect of us. In a brief conclusion, Scharff explains how this book should be read as part of his own effort to acknowledge this condition rather than deny it.
Philosophy of Pseudoscience
Author: Massimo Pigliucci
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Published: 2013-08-16
Total Pages: 479
ISBN-13: 022605182X
DOWNLOAD EBOOK“A remarkable contribution to one of the most vexing problems in science: the ‘demarcation’ problem, or how to distinguish science from nonscience.” —Francisco J. Ayala, author of Darwin’s Gift to Science and Religion What sets the practice of rigorously tested, sound science apart from pseudoscience? In this volume, the contributors seek to answer this question, known to philosophers of science as “the demarcation problem.” This issue has a long history in philosophy, stretching as far back as the early twentieth century and the work of Karl Popper. But by the late 1980s, scholars in the field began to treat the demarcation problem as impossible to solve and futile to ponder. However, the essays that Massimo Pigliucci and Maarten Boudry have assembled in this volume make a rousing case for the unequivocal importance of reflecting on the separation between pseudoscience and sound science. Moreover, the demarcation problem is not a purely theoretical dilemma of mere academic interest: it affects parents’ decisions to vaccinate children and governments’ willingness to adopt policies that prevent climate change. Pseudoscience often mimics science, using the superficial language and trappings of actual scientific research to seem more respectable. Even a well-informed public can be taken in by such questionable theories dressed up as science. Pseudoscientific beliefs compete with sound science on the health pages of newspapers for media coverage and in laboratories for research funding. Now more than ever the ability to separate genuine scientific findings from spurious ones is vital, and The Philosophy of Pseudoscience provides ground for philosophers, sociologists, historians, and laypeople to make decisions about what science is or isn’t. “A manual to overcome our natural cognitive biases.” —Corriere della Sera (Italy)
Rethinking Historical Time
Author: Marek Tamm
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Published: 2019-08-22
Total Pages: 241
ISBN-13: 1350065099
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIs time out of joint? For the past two centuries, the dominant Western time regime has been future-oriented and based on the linear, progressive and homogeneous concept of time. Over the last few decades, there has been a shift towards a new, present-oriented regime or 'presentism', made up of multiple and percolating temporalities. Rethinking Historical Time engages with this change of paradigm, providing a timely overview of cutting-edge interdisciplinary approaches to this new temporal condition. Marek Tamm and Laurent Olivier have brought together an international team of scholars working in history, anthropology, archaeology, geography, philosophy, literature and visual studies to rethink the epistemological consequences of presentism for the study of past and to discuss critically the traditional assumptions that underpin research on historical time. Beginning with an analysis of presentism, the contributors move on to explore in historical and critical terms the idea of multiple temporalities, before presenting a series of case studies on the variability of different forms of time in contemporary material culture.
Rethinking History
Author: Keith Jenkins
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2003-12-16
Total Pages: 116
ISBN-13: 1134408285
DOWNLOAD EBOOKHistory means many things to many people. But finding an answer to the question 'What is history?' is a task few feel equipped to answer. If you want to explore this tantalising subject, where do you start? What are the critical skills you need to begin to make sense of the past? The perfect introduction to this thought-provoking area, Jenkins' clear and concise prose guides readers through the controversies and debates that surround historical thinking at the present time, providing them with the means to make their own discoveries.
Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science
Author: Shahid Rahman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2009-03-15
Total Pages: 618
ISBN-13: 1402028083
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe first volume in this new series explores, through extensive co-operation, new ways of achieving the integration of science in all its diversity. The book offers essays from important and influential philosophers in contemporary philosophy, discussing a range of topics from philosophy of science to epistemology, philosophy of logic and game theoretical approaches. It will be of interest to philosophers, computer scientists and all others interested in the scientific rationality.
Rethinking Historical Jurisprudence
Author: Samuel, Geoffrey
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Published: 2022-10-18
Total Pages: 407
ISBN-13: 1802200746
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis stimulating book considers the ways in which historical jurisprudence deserves to be rethought, arguing that there is much more to the history of legal thought than the ideas, and ideology, of the nineteenth and early twentieth century jurists, such as Karl von Savigny and Sir Henry Maine.
Knowledge and Belief
Author: Frederick F. Schmitt
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2006-11-22
Total Pages: 289
ISBN-13: 1134967799
DOWNLOAD EBOOKKnowledge, from Plato onwards, has been considered in relation to justified belief. Current debate has centred around the nature of the justification and whether justified belief can be considered an internal or extenal matter. Epistemological internalists argue that the subject must be able to reflect upon a belief to complete the process of justification. The externalists, on the other hand, claim that it is only necessary to consider whether the belief is reliably formed, and argue that the ability to know by reflection is not required for a justified belief. In the historical section of this book the three most important epistemologists, Plato, Descartes and Hume, as well as the ancient epistemologies of the stoics, Academics and Pyrhonians, are considered. In reconsidering the history of epistemology the author is led to argue against hte view that internalism is historically dominant. His critique of internalism is then developed into a sustained argument against many of its forms, and he goes onto defend an externalist, reliabilist epistemology.
Between Vision and Obedience—Rethinking Theological Epistemology
Author: George Ille
Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers
Published: 2013-12-12
Total Pages: 367
ISBN-13: 1630871095
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe discussions about subject and validation in our late modernity tend to oscillate between the "weak" self of postmodernity ("empty" or "rhetorical") and neo-Cartesian versions trying, as they do, to recover a discredited foundation. Correspondingly, the solutions advanced range from calls for a "New Enlightenment" (in the face of the resurgence of myth and "the irrational") to attempts to "re-enchant the world" (in the face of the growing threat of an impersonal instrumental Reason). The present study seeks to respond theologically to such a situation from the perspective of God's action in and towards the world by engaging two prominent philosophical/theological figures who continue to inform such discussions today, namely, Georg Friedrich Hegel and Paul Ricoeur. The upshot of this response points to a view of rationality that follows the drama of God's engagement with the world, thus involving both dying and resurrection, ascesis and abundance, suffering witness and eucharistic communion.
Neurath Reconsidered
Author: Jordi Cat
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2019-02-12
Total Pages: 706
ISBN-13: 3030021289
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis highly readable book is a collection of critical papers on Otto Neurath (1882-1945). It comprehensively re-examines Neurath’s scientific, philosophical and educational contributions from a range of standpoints including historical, sociological and problem-oriented perspectives. Leading Neurath scholars disentangle and connect Neurath’s works, ideas and ideals and evaluate them both in their original socio-historical context and in contemporary philosophical debates. Readers will discover a new critical understanding. Drawing on archive materials, essays discuss not only Neurath’s better-known works from lesser-known perspectives, but also his lesser-known works from the better-known perspective of their place in his overall philosophical oeuvre. Reflecting the full range of Neurath's work, this volume has a broad appeal. Besides scholars and researchers interested in Neurath, Carnap, the Vienna Circle, work on logical empiricism and the history and philosophy of science, this book will also appeal to graduate students in philosophy, sociology, history and education. Readers will find Neurath’s thoughts described and evaluated in an accessible manner, making it a good read for those beyond the academic world such as social leaders and activists. The book includes the edited 1940-45 Neurath-Carnap correspondence and the English translation of Neurath's logic papers.
