Lines and angles are everywhere they look. Young readers learn what lines and angles are. Concepts such as perpendicular and parallel lines, right and obtuse angles, and much more are explained using simple text and images.
The unique and award-winning Unofficial Guides series is a collaboration between senior students, junior doctors and specialty experts. This combination of contributors understands what is essential to excel on your course, in exams and in practice – as well as the importance of presenting information in a clear, fun and engaging way. Packed with hints and tips from those in the know, when you are in a hurry and need a study companion you can trust, reach for an Unofficial Guide. This case-based guide teaches systematic analysis of chest X-rays for everyone from complete beginners to professionals. Readers practise X-ray interpretation on 100 high quality images based on real-life scenarios alongside questions that test their overall clinical knowledge. Over each page is a model report accompanied by a fully annotated version of the X-ray to explain the answer's reasoning. 100 Practice Chest X-Rays is ideal for students preparing for examinations and will also provide a handy reference for postgraduates and practising doctors. - 100 high-definition images, just like real-life X-rays - Full-colour annotations demystify chest X-rays for complete beginners - Systematic examples of how to present reports in an exam and on a hospital ward round - Follows international radiology reporting guidelines - Matched to the Royal College of Radiologists national curriculum - New bonus questions to allow the reader to test their knowledge and cement their learning
This book gives a comprehensive account of modern x-ray science, based on the use of synchrotron radiation and x-ray-free electron lasers (XFELs). It emphasizes the new capabilities of XFELs which extend the study of matter to the intrinsic timescales associated with the motion of atoms and chemical transformations and give birth to the new field of non-linear x-ray science. Starting with the historical understanding of the puzzling nature of light, it covers the modern description of the creation, properties, and detection of x-rays within quantum optics. It then presents the formulation of the interactions of x-rays with atomic matter, both, from semi-classical and first-principles quantum points of view. The fundamental x-ray processes and techniques, absorption, emission, Thomson, and resonant scattering (REXS and RIXS) are reviewed with emphasis on simple intuitive pictures that are illustrated by experimental results. Concepts of x-ray imaging and diffractive imaging of atomic and nano structures are discussed, and the quantum optics formulation of diffraction is presented that reveals the remarkable quantum substructure of light. The unique power of x-rays in providing atom and chemical-bond specific information and separating charge and spin phenomena through x-ray polarization (dichroism) effects are highlighted. The book concludes with the discussion of many-photon or non-linear x-ray phenomena encountered with XFELs, such as stimulated emission and x-ray transparency.
Understanding X-Rays: A Synopsis of Radiology is very different from other texts. This easy-to-read handbook begins with the basics on how to "understand" X-rays and then goes on to discuss the details. It is a practical reference guide, easy to carry to ward rounds and tutorials, and despite its small size, contains a wealth of information. Radiologists are often consulted regarding normal variants that mimic disease, and these are discussed in detail. Exhaustive lists of differential diagnoses are featured. The X-ray quizzes are informative yet challenging. This synopsis will be invaluable for day-to-day hospital work and in preparing for qualifying examinations.
With contributions from leading scientists in the field, and edited by two of the most prominent astronomers of our time, this is a totally authoritative volume on X-ray astronomy that will be essential reading for everyone interested – from students to astrophysicists and physicists. All the aspects of this exciting area of study are covered, from astronomical instrumentation to extragalactic X-ray astronomy.
A Century of X-Rays and Radioactivity in Medicine: With Emphasis on Photographic Records of the Early Years celebrates three great discoveries-x-rays (1895), radioactivity (1896), and radium (1898)-and recalls the pioneering achievements that founded the new science of radiology and changed the face of medicine forever. Over 700 historical illustrations with full and informative captions are supported by short introductory essays to illuminate the fascinating radiological past in an easy-to-read style. The focus of this book is on the historically more interesting early years of discovery, invention, diagnosis, therapy, dosimetry, risk, and protection. Interspersed with a variety of radiological anecdotes, the photographic record is complemented by archival accounts of the pioneer scientists and physicians and their early patients. In the chapters on diagnostic techniques, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine, the author contrasts old methods with newer technologies. He also includes two fascinating chapters on museum and industrial applications of radiography. The book is comprehensively indexed for easy retrieval of the wide variety of people, techniques, apparatus, and examples featured throughout this radiological journey.
These are the proceedings of the Sant Cugat Forum 2nd Workshop on Cosmic-ray Induced Phenomenology in Stellar Environments, held April 16-19, 2012. The aim of this Workshop was to address the current knowledge and challenges of high-energy emission from stellar environments at all scales and provide a comprehensive review of the state of the field from the observational to the theoretical perspectives. In the meeting, the prospects for possible observations with planned instruments across the multi-wavelength spectrum were analyzed and also how they impact on our understanding of these systems.