Quaternary Carbon Cycling in the Atlantic Ocean
Quaternary Carbon Cycling in the Atlantic Ocean

Author: Jesse Robert Farmer

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Earth’s climate is intricately linked to the carbon cycle through the radiative effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The ocean plays a central role in this climate-carbon system; as oceans store ∼50 times more carbon than the atmosphere, even small changes in ocean chemistry could greatly affect global climate. Understanding how the oceanic carbon reservoir has evolved across changing climates is thus critical for both constraining mechanisms of climate change and predicting impacts from anthropogenic carbon addition. This dissertation contributes to knowledge of the ocean carbon reservoir’s evolution across the last 1.5 million years of Earth’s history, with a particular focus on two key intervals of climatic change: 1) Present day, when a large, human-sourced perturbation to the carbon cycle is underway, the effects of which are not yet fully realized; and 2) The mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT; ∼900,000 years ago), when natural cycles of global warming and cooling increased in intensity and duration.

The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate
The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate

Author: Mick Follows

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 401

ISBN-13: 1402020872

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Our desire to understand the global carbon cycle and its link to the climate system represents a huge challenge. These overarching questions have driven a great deal of scientific endeavour in recent years: What are the basic oceanic mechanisms which control the oceanic carbon reservoirs and the partitioning of carbon between ocean and atmosphere? How do these mechanisms depend on the state of the climate system and how does the carbon cycle feed back on climate? What is the current rate at which fossil fuel carbon dioxide is absorbed by the oceans and how might this change in the future? To begin to answer these questions we must first understand the distribution of carbon in the ocean, its partitioning between different ocean reservoirs (the "solubility" and "biological" pumps of carbon), the mechanisms controlling these reservoirs, and the relationship of the significant physical and biological processes to the physical environment. The recent surveys from the JGOFS and WOCE (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study and World Ocean Circulation Ex periment) programs have given us a first truly global survey of the physical and biogeochemical properties of the ocean. These new, high quality data provide the opportunity to better quantify the present oceans reservoirs of carbon and the changes due to fossil fuel burning. In addition, diverse process studies and time-series observations have clearly revealed the complexity of interactions between nutrient cycles, ecosystems, the carbon-cycle and the physical envi ronment.

Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the Ocean’s Role in Global Change
Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the Ocean’s Role in Global Change

Author: Rainer Zahn

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 579

ISBN-13: 3642787371

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A comprehensive progress report on the multi-disciplinary field of ocean and climate change research is given. It compiles introductory background papers and leading scientific results on the ocean-atmosphere carbon cycle with emphasis on the ocean's carbon inventory and the various components involved. The relationship between plankton productivity, carbon fixation, oceanic PCO2 and climate change is investigated from the viewpoint of long-term climatic change during the late Quaternary cycles of ice ages and warm ages. The various approaches range from micropaleontology over organic and trace element geochemistry to molecular isotope geochemistry.

The Changing Carbon Cycle
The Changing Carbon Cycle

Author: John R. Trabalka

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 615

ISBN-13: 1475719159

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The United States Government, cognizant of its responsibilities to future generations, has been sponsoring research for nine years into the causes, effects, and potential impacts of increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (C0 ) in the atmosphere. Agencies such as the National Science Foun 2 dation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) cooperatively spent about $100 million from FY 1978 through FY 1984 directly on the study of CO • The DOE, as the 2 lead government agency for coordinating the government' s research ef forts, has been responsible for about 60% of these research efforts. William James succinctly defined our purpose when he stated science must be based upon " ... irreducible and stubborn facts." Scientific knowledge can and will reduce the present significant uncertainty sur rounding our understanding of the causes, effects, and potential impacts of increasing atmospheric CO2• We have come far during the past seven years in resolving some underlyinig doubts and in narrowing the ranges of disagreement. Basic concepts have become less murky. Yet, much more must be accomplished; more irreducible and stubborn facts are needed to reduce the uncertainties so that we can improve our knowledge base. Uncertainty can never be reduced to zero. However, with a much improved knowledge base, we will be able to learn, under stand, and be in a position to make decisions.

Carbon Cycles and Climate
Carbon Cycles and Climate

Author: Jerry S. Olson

Publisher:

Published: 1980

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13:

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This partially annotated bibliography contains the first 1000 references from a computerized file of literature on the global ecological implications of carbon cycles and climatic changes. Many early citations originated from the Biogeochemical Ecological Information Center established at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1968 and from profiles of computerized files such as Government Research Abstracts (GRA) and Biological Abstracts (BA). Later citations have been extracted from the open literature through 1978 and early 1979, from government reports and impact statements, and from profiles of GRA, BA, and the Energy Data Base of the Department of Energy Technical Information Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The subject categories covered by this bibliography may be divided into two main topics: carbon cycling and climate system analysis. Volume I contains an introduction and overview. Volume 2 contains an alphabetical (by author) listing of citations. Volume 3 provides indexes for author, organization (corporate authority), keywords (or free index terms), taxonomic category, subject category, Chemical Abstracts codes, Biological Abstracts codes (crosscode), and COSATI/Weekly Government Abstracts codes concentrated with permuted title words.