As the most important liquid in our life and one of the most abundant molecules in the universe, water is the least understood substance with a very rich phase diagram (at least 18 crystalline forms and two liquids) and more that 60 dynamical/thermodynamic anomalies whose origins are still under debate. Properties of Water from Numerical and Experimental Perspectives gathers together leading scientists and experts in the field of water. By merging the theoretical/computational point of view with experimental approaches, it presents a state-of-the-art description of the properties of water, enlightening the source of the anomalies of water and describing how such anomalies actively affect the functioning of biological substances.
This book contains selected peer-reviewed papers presented in the International Conference Down To Earth 2019, and is focused on Water Security and Sustainability. The topics covered in this book include sustainability of water resources, geospatial modelling and hydro-informatics, extreme hydrology (drought and flood), adaptation to climate-change impacts, vulnerability-risk-reliability-resilience, and hydrological risks in north-east India. The book also discusses innovative techniques and technologies for water resources assessment and management. Enriched with numerous case studies covering diverse topics, the book can be valuable for students, researchers, as well as industry professionals interested in water resources assessment, management and sustainable development.
About the Book: It is necessary that a subject like physics is studied, learnt and taught with full comprehension of the various topics of the subject, understanding their numerous facets not only humans but also plants and functions of even bodies all around. This may require not only studying just “theoretical: aspect of physics, but learning these in practice by, for example, conducting relevant experiments where possible. When viewed in this respect, most physics books at school level, including the ones published as “text books”, fail to do full justice to the requirements of learning and teaching physics in class rooms. Many a books are obtained to ‘cover’ the prescribed syllabus under any of the well known streams such as ICSE, CBSE, SSC etc. with too cluttered contents and a horde of solved examples and exercises numbering into dozens at the end of a given chapter which make the students pore over for hours at end with the sole purpose of doing well in the board exams, obtaining marks in nineties, without fully mastering the topics. The present book whilst doing away with many drawbacks as above, has been written by describing all relevant topics of physics at high-school and board level in perspective, relating the topics to their importance in daily life, whilst conforming to various syllabi on physics and enlarging the scope where necessary. The book is structured especially for those students and teachers who have innovative mindset and who would really like to learn physics conceptually, not just to pass board exams with good ‘grades’. The book is enriched with a good number of solved numerical problems with clear step-by-step solution of each and numerous exercises at the end chapter, most question having been derived from the ICSE board exams over the past ten years or so. Contents: 1. Force, Work, Power and Energy 2. Light 3. Sound 4. Electricity and Magnetism 5. Heat 6. Modern Physics
The field of experimental unsaturated soil mechanics has grown considerably over the last decade. In the laboratory and in the field, innovative techniques have been introduced into mechanical, hydraulic, and geo-environmental testing. Normally, this information is widely dispersed throughout journals and conference proceedings and it is often difficult to identify suitable equipment and instrumentation for research or professional purposes. In this volume, however, the authors bring together the latest research in laboratory and field testing techniques, and the equipment employed, and examine the current state-of-the-art in a forum devoted solely to experimental unsaturated soil mechanics. The papers published in the proceedings were peer-reviewed by internationally-recognized researchers. The topics tackled by the papers include suction measurement, suction control, mechanical and hydraulic laboratory testing, geo-environmental testing, and field-testing.
Around 71% of the Earth's surface is covered in water. In this Very Short Introduction John Finney explores the science of water, its structure and remarkable properties, and its vital role for life on Earth.
Computational Techniques for Multiphase Flows, Second Edition, provides the latest research and theories covering the most popular multiphase flows The book begins with an overview of the state-of-the-art techniques for multiple numerical methods in handling multiphase flow, compares them, and finally highlights their strengths and weaknesses. In addition, it covers more straightforward, conventional theories and governing equations in early chapters, moving on to the more modern and complex computational models and tools later in the book. It is therefore accessible to those who may be new to the subject while also featuring topics of interest to the more experienced researcher. Mixed or multiphase flows of solid/liquid or solid/gas are commonly found in many industrial fields, and their behavior is complex and difficult to predict in many cases. The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding fluid mechanics in multiphase reactors, which are widely used in the chemical, petroleum, mining, food, automotive, energy, aerospace and pharmaceutical industries. This revised edition is an ideal reference for scientists, MSc students and chemical and mechanical engineers in these areas. - Includes updated chapters in addition to a brand-new section on granular flows. - Features novel solution methods for multiphase flow, along with recent case studies. - Explains how and when to use the featured technique and how to interpret the results and apply them to improving applications.
Evapotranspiration is the largest outgoing water flux from the Earth's surface; its accurate quantification is critical for the crop development in conditions of the climate changes from recent decades, and it can contribute to a greater understanding of a range of agricultural ecosystem processes. To evaluate the hydric requirements of the crops, it was agreed that they should be reported to a maximum global evapotranspiration called potential evapotranspiration. To estimate this variable, a variety of methods were developed, each with its benefits as well as trade-offs. Their use, however, is laborious due to their complexity and of the large number of parameters required. In this book, specialists' concerns worldwide to develop simple but reliable methodologies - with less data requirement - which will give accurate and appropriate results - are presented. In addition, a study of the physics of the moisture evaporation process from porous media to elucidate what are the mechanisms of moisture migration from granular biopesticides is presented in the last chapter.
