Information, Physics, and Computation

Information, Physics, and Computation

Author: Marc Mézard

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2009-01-22

Total Pages: 584

ISBN-13: 019857083X

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A very active field of research is emerging at the frontier of statistical physics, theoretical computer science/discrete mathematics, and coding/information theory. This book sets up a common language and pool of concepts, accessible to students and researchers from each of these fields.


Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking

Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2011-09-05

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13: 0309214742

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In 2008, the Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct two workshops to explore the nature of computational thinking and its cognitive and educational implications. The first workshop focused on the scope and nature of computational thinking and on articulating what "computational thinking for everyone" might mean. A report of that workshop was released in January 2010. Drawing in part on the proceedings of that workshop, Report of a Workshop of Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking, summarizes the second workshop, which was held February 4-5, 2010, in Washington, D.C., and focuses on pedagogical considerations for computational thinking. This workshop was structured to gather pedagogical inputs and insights from educators who have addressed computational thinking in their work with K-12 teachers and students. It illuminates different approaches to computational thinking and explores lessons learned and best practices. Individuals with a broad range of perspectives contributed to this report. Since the workshop was not intended to result in a consensus regarding the scope and nature of computational thinking, Report of a Workshop of Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking does not contain findings or recommendations.


Feynman And Computation

Feynman And Computation

Author: Anthony Hey

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-03-08

Total Pages: 356

ISBN-13: 0429980086

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Computational properties of use to biological organisms or to the construction of computers can emerge as collective properties of systems having a large number of simple equivalent components (or neurons). The physical meaning of content-addressable memory is described by an appropriate phase space flow of the state of a system. A model of such a system is given, based on aspects of neurobiology but readily adapted to integrated circuits. The collective properties of this model produce a content-addressable memory which correctly yields an entire memory from any subpart of sufficient size. The algorithm for the time evolution of the state of the system is based on asynchronous parallel processing. Additional emergent collective properties include some capacity for generalization, familiarity recognition, categorization, error correction, and time sequence retention. The collective properties are only weakly sensitive to details of the modeling or the failure of individual devices.


Physics Computing '92: Proceedings Of The 4th International Conference

Physics Computing '92: Proceedings Of The 4th International Conference

Author: Jaroslav Nadrchal

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 1993-05-12

Total Pages: 542

ISBN-13: 981455362X

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This meeting addresses all aspects of computational methodology with applications to most branches of physics, especially massively parallel computing, symbolic computing, Monte Carlo simulations of quantum systems, neuro-computing, fluids and plasmas, physics education, mesoscopic physics, dynamical systems, molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo techniques, etc.


High Speed and Large Scale Scientific Computing

High Speed and Large Scale Scientific Computing

Author: Wolfgang Gentzsch

Publisher: IOS Press

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 496

ISBN-13: 1607500736

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Summary: This work combines selected papers from a July 2008 workshop held in Cetraro, Italy, with invited papers by international contributors. Material is in sections on algorithms and scheduling, architectures, GRID technologies, cloud technologies, information processing and applications, and HPC and GRID infrastructures for e-science. B&w maps, images, and screenshots are used to illustrate topics such as nondeterministic coordination using S-Net, cloud computing for on-demand grid resource provisioning, grid computing for financial applications, and the evolution of research and education networks and their essential role in modern science. There is no subject index. The book's readership includes computer scientists, IT engineers, and managers interested in the future development of grids, clouds, and large-scale computing. Gentzsch is affiliated with the DEISA Project and Open Grid Forum, Germany.


New Computing Techniques In Physics Research Iii - Proceedings Of The 3rd International Workshop On Software Engineering, Ai And Expert Systems For High Energy And Nuclear Physics

New Computing Techniques In Physics Research Iii - Proceedings Of The 3rd International Workshop On Software Engineering, Ai And Expert Systems For High Energy And Nuclear Physics

Author: K H Becks

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 1994-02-04

Total Pages: 684

ISBN-13: 9814551708

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No basic or applied physics research can be done nowadays without the support of computing systems, ranging from cheap personal computers to large multi-user mainframes. Some research fields like high energy physics would not exist if computers had not been invented. Departing from the more conventional numerical applications, this series of workshops has been initiated to focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) related developments, such as symbolic manipulation for lengthy and involved algebraic computations, software engineering to assist groups of developers in the design, coding and maintenance of large packages, expert systems to mimic human reasoning and strategy in the diagnosis of equipment or neural networks to implement a model of the brain to solve pattern recognition problems. These techniques, developed some time ago by AI researchers, are confronted by down-to-earth problems arising in high-energy and nuclear physics. All this and more are covered in these proceedings.


Emerging Nanotechnologies

Emerging Nanotechnologies

Author: Mohammad Tehranipoor

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-12-08

Total Pages: 411

ISBN-13: 0387747478

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Emerging Nanotechnologies: Test, Defect Tolerance and Reliability covers various technologies that have been developing over the last decades such as chemically assembled electronic nanotechnology, Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA), and nanowires and carbon nanotubes. Each of these technologies offers various advantages and disadvantages. Some suffer from high power, some work in very low temperatures and some others need indeterministic bottom-up assembly. These emerging technologies are not considered as a direct replacement for CMOS technology and may require a completely new architecture to achieve their functionality. Emerging Nanotechnologies: Test, Defect Tolerance and Reliability brings all of these issues together in one place for readers and researchers who are interested in this rapidly changing field.


Computer Simulations of Liquid Crystals and Polymers

Computer Simulations of Liquid Crystals and Polymers

Author: Paolo Pasini

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2005-08-11

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13: 1402027605

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Liquid crystals, polymers and polymer liquid crystals are soft condensed matter systems of major technological and scientific interest. An understanding of the macroscopic properties of these complex systems and of their many and interesting peculiarities at the molecular level can nowadays only be attained using computer simulations and statistical mechanical theories. Both in the Liquid Crystal and Polymer fields a considerable amount of simulation work has been done in the last few years with various classes of models at different special resolutions, ranging from atomistic to molecular and coarse-grained lattice models. Each of the two fields has developed its own set of tools and specialized procedures and the book aims to provide a state of the art review of the computer simulation studies of polymers and liquid crystals. This is of great importance in view of a potential cross-fertilization between these connected areas which is particularly apparent for a number of experimental systems like, e.g. polymer liquid crystals and anisotropic gels where the different fields necessarily merge. An effort has been made to assess the possibilities of a coherent description of the themes that have developed independently, and to compare and extend the theoretical and computational techniques put forward in the different areas.


New Computing Techniques In Physics Research Ii - Proceedings Of The Second International Workshop On Software Engineering Artificial Intelligence And Expert Systems In High Energy And Nuclear Physics

New Computing Techniques In Physics Research Ii - Proceedings Of The Second International Workshop On Software Engineering Artificial Intelligence And Expert Systems In High Energy And Nuclear Physics

Author: Denis Perret-gallix

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 1992-09-04

Total Pages: 802

ISBN-13: 981455426X

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A vivid example of the growing need for frontier physics experiments to make use of frontier technology is in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related themes.By AI we are referring here to the use of computers to deal with complex objects in an environment based on specific rules (Symbolic Manipulation), to assist groups of developers in the design, coding and maintenance of large packages (Software Engineering), to mimic human reasoning and strategy with knowledge bases to make a diagnosis of equipment (Expert Systems) or to implement a model of the brain to solve pattern recognition problems (Neural Networks). These techniques, developed some time ago by AI researchers, are confronted by down-to-earth problems arising in high-energy and nuclear physics. However, similar situations exist in other 'big sciences' such as space research or plasma physics, and common solutions can be applied.The magnitude and complexity of the experiments on the horizon for the end of the century clearly call for the application of AI techniques. Solutions are sought through international collaboration between research and industry.