This book is a comprehensive guide to grinding and lapping techniques. It covers everything from basic concepts to advanced tips and tricks, making it an essential resource for professionals and hobbyists alike. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Since its inception in 1966, the series of numbered volumes known as Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. The Willardson and Beer series, as it is widely known, has succeeded in producing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. Not only did many of these volumes make an impact at the time of their publication, but they continue to be well-cited years after their original release. Recently, Professor Eicke R. Weber of the University of California at Berkeley joined as a co-editor of the series. Professor Weber, a well-known expert in the field of semiconductor materials, will further contribute to continuing the series' tradition of publishing timely, highly relevant, and long-impacting volumes. Some of the recent volumes, such as Hydrogen in Semiconductors, Imperfections in III/V Materials, Epitaxial Microstructures, High-Speed Heterostructure Devices, Oxygen in Silicon, and others promise that this tradition will be maintained and even expanded. Reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field that the series covers, the volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in modern industry.
This proceedings book contains the papers presented at the joint conference event of the 9th Symposium on Process Systems Engineering (PSE'2006) and the 16th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE-16), held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, from July 9 – July 13, 2006. The symposium follows the first joint event PSE'97 / ESCAPE-7 in Trondheim, Norway (1997). The last two venues of the ESCAPE symposia were Barcelona, Spain (2005) and Lisbon, Portugal (2004) and the most recent PSE symposia were held in Kunming, China (2003) and Keystone, Colorado, USA (2000). The purpose of both series is to bring together the international community of researchers engineers who are interested in computing-based methods in process engineering. The main objective of the symposium is to review and present the latest developments and current state in Process Systems Engineering and Computer Aided Process Engineering. The focus of PSE'2006 / ESCAPE-16 has been on Modelling and Numerical Methods, Product and Process Design, Operations and Control, Biological Systems, Infrastructure Systems, and Business decision support.* reviews and presents the latest developments and current state of Process Systems Engineering and Computer Aided Process Engineering * contains papers presented at a joint conference event * bringing together an international community of researchers and engineers interested in computing-based methods in Process Engineering