This book contains 112 papers selected from about 250 submissions to the 6th World Congress on Global Optimization (WCGO 2019) which takes place on July 8–10, 2019 at University of Lorraine, Metz, France. The book covers both theoretical and algorithmic aspects of Nonconvex Optimization, as well as its applications to modeling and solving decision problems in various domains. It is composed of 10 parts, each of them deals with either the theory and/or methods in a branch of optimization such as Continuous optimization, DC Programming and DCA, Discrete optimization & Network optimization, Multiobjective programming, Optimization under uncertainty, or models and optimization methods in a specific application area including Data science, Economics & Finance, Energy & Water management, Engineering systems, Transportation, Logistics, Resource allocation & Production management. The researchers and practitioners working in Nonconvex Optimization and several application areas can find here many inspiring ideas and useful tools & techniques for their works.
Africa’s dire need to industrialize is universally acknowledged and it is evident that the continent’s vast mineral resources can catalyze that industrialization. This requires the promotion of local beneficiation and value addition of minerals to yield materials on which modern Africa’s industry and society can rely. This book is, therefore, about transforming Africa’s comparative advantages in minerals into the continent’s competitive edge regarding materials. Mineral beneficiation and value addition form the basis and provide opportunities for mineral-driven Africa’s industrialization. The scope of the book is three-fold with inter-connected relationships: Information, Technical, and Policy oriented. It will be a useful reference material for mining undergraduate students on beneficiation and value addition of each of the minerals found in Africa. The book, while presenting a broad overview of beneficiation and value addition of Africa’s minerals, provides crucial starting material for postgraduate research students and R&D institutions who wish to delve into more advanced methods of extraction and utilization of mineral-derived materials that are in Africa for the purpose of industrialization of the continent.
The 2018 MPDI Writing Prize invited early stage researchers who are not native English speakers to write on the subject of "the global benefits of open research". Six prizes were awarded, however there were many more entries. This book collates many of those entries and contains inspiring, thought-provoking and original viewpoints of open science through the eyes of those conducting research on a daily basis
This book summarizes science and technology of a new generation of high-energy andinsensitive explosives. The objective is to provide professionals with comprehensiveinformation on the synthesis and the physicochemical and detonation properties ofthe explosives. Potential technologies applicable for treatment of contaminated wastestreams from manufacturing facilities and environmental matrices are also be included.This book provides the reader an insight into the depth and breadth of theoreticaland empirical models and experimental techniques currently being developed in thefield of energetic materials. It presents the latest research by DoD engineers andscientists, and some of DoD’s academic and industrial researcher partners. The topicsexplored and the simulations developed or modified for the purposes of energetics mayfind application in other closely related fields, such as the pharmaceutical industry.One of the key features of the book is the treatment of wastewaters generated duringmanufacturing of these energetic materials.
In the twenty years since their inception, modern dynamic light-scattering techniques have become increasingly sophisticated, and their applications have grown exceedingly diverse. Applications of the techniques to problems in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and fluid mechanics have prolifer ated. It is probably no longer possible for one or two authors to write a monograph to cover in depth the advances in scattering techniques and the main areas in which they have made a major impact. This volume, which we expect to be the first of aseries, presents reviews of selected specialized areas by renowned experts. It makes no attempt to be comprehensive; it emphasizes a body of related applications to polymeric, biological, and colloidal systems, and to critical phenomena. The well-known monographs on dynamic light scattering by Berne and Pecora and by Chu were published almost ten years ago. They provided comprehensive treatments of the general principles of dynamic light scat tering and gave introductions to a wide variety of applications, but natu rally they could not treat the new applications and advances in older ones that have arisen in the last decade. The new applications include studies of interacting particles in solution (Chapter 4); scaling approaches to the dynamics of polymers, including polymers in semidilute solution (Chapter 5); the use of both Fabry-Perot interferometry and photon correlation spectroscopy to study bulk polymers (Chapter 6); studies of micelIes and microemulsions (Chapter 8); studies of polymer gels (Chapter 9).
2012 marked the centenary of one of the most significant discoveries of the early twentieth century, the discovery of X-ray diffraction (March 1912, by Laue, Friedrich, and Knipping) and of Bragg's law (November 1912). The discovery of X-ray diffraction confirmed the wave nature of X-rays and the space-lattice hypothesis. It had two major consequences: the analysis of the structure of atoms, and the determination of the atomic structure of materials. This had a momentous impact in chemistry, physics, mineralogy, material science, and biology. This book relates the discovery itself, the early days of X-ray crystallography, and the way the news of the discovery spread round the world. It explains how the first crystal structures were determined, and recounts which were the early applications of X-ray crystallography. It also tells how the concept of space lattice has developed since ancient times, and how our understanding of the nature of light has changed over time. The contributions of the main actors of the story, prior to the discovery, at the time of the discovery and immediately afterwards, are described through their writings and are put into the context of the time, accompanied by brief biographical details.
This book discusses the sensitivity, selectivity, and response times of different sensor materials and their potential application in the design of portable sensor systems for monitoring water pollutants and remediation systems. Beginning with an overview on water pollutants and analytical methods for their detection, the book then moves on to describing the advances in sensor materials research, and the scope for their use in different types of sensors. The book lays emphasis on techniques such as colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical, and biological sensing of conventional and emerging pollutants. This book will serve as a handy guide for students, researchers, and professional engineers working in the field of sensor systems for monitoring water pollutants to address various challenges.
The use of organocatalysts able to photocatalyze an organic reaction is a rapidly growing field. These photocatalyzed transformations are more environmentally sustainable with respect to the use of expensive/toxic metal-based (photo)catalysts.Based on the authors' extensive experience in photogenerated intermediates, this book presents an overview on photocatalyzed organic processes having a synthetic significance, where an organic molecule functions as the photocatalyst.After a brief introduction defining the nature and the characteristics of a photoorganocatalyst (POC), the chapters are organized according to the class of POC used, as detailed below.Each chapter begins with a summary of the photophysical characteristics of the POCs and is followed by selected examples of synthetic applications. The last two chapters are devoted to the adoption of photoorganocatalysis in polymerization and to flow photoorganocatalysis. These in-depth explanations and practical applications make this title an essential reading for any chemistry student interested in organic (sustainable) synthesis.