This fully updated and extended second edition provides a comprehensive overview on the basic concepts of the rapidly developing field of osteoimmunology and also offers in-depth insights into the molecular mechanisms of bone diseases. Clinical data is presented and put into context with the latest research findings. This second edition in addition discusses the latest topics in transplantation immunology. The book addresses scientists and physicians working in immunology, pathophysiology and osteology.
This volume addresses the nature of the most common form of arthritis in humans. If osteoarthritis is inevitable (only premature death prevents all of us from being afflicted), it seems essential to facilitate its recognition, prevention, options, and indications for treatment. Progress in understanding this disease has occurred with recognition that it is not simply a degenerative joint disease. Causative factors, such as joint malalignment, ligamentous abnormalities, overuse, and biomechanical and metabolic factors have been recognized as amenable to intervention; genetic factors, less so; with metabolic diseases, intermediate. Its diagnosis is based on recognition of overgrowth of bone at joint margins. This contrasts with overgrowth of bone at vertebral margins, which is not a symptomatic phenomenon and has been renamed spondylosis deformans. Osteoarthritis describes an abnormality of joints, but the severity does not necessarily produce pain. The patient and his/her symptoms need to be treated, not the x-ray.
This new volume provides a concise overview of the most basic and exciting chapters of comparative medicine with regards to physiology and function in healthy individuals. The book includes core concepts in anatomy and physiology in human and animal models, which are key to understanding comparative medicine and to making contributions to research in this area. While writing this book, the authors were in constant interdisciplinary dialogue. They aim to contribute to improvements in quality of life for human and animal patients.
The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone Disease, Second Edition is a comprehensive source dedicated to better understanding this group of conditions that have significant consequences for health in both past and present communities on a global scale. This edition presents an updated introduction to the biology and metabolism of mineralised tissues that are fundamental to understanding the expression of the metabolic bone diseases in skeletal remains. The extensive advances in understanding of these conditions in both bioarchaeological and biomedical work are brought together for the reader. Dedicated chapters focussing on each disease emphasise the integration of up-to-date clinical background with the biological basis of disease progression to give guidance on identification. New chapters covering anaemia and approaches to recognising the co-occurrence of pathological conditions have been included, reflecting recent advances in research. Boxes highlighting significant issues, use of information from sources such as texts and nonhuman primates, and theoretical approaches are included in the text. Each chapter closes with 'Core Concepts' that summarise key information. The final chapter reviews current challenges in bioarchaeology and provides directions for future research. This is a must-have resource for users at all career stages interested in integrating information on the metabolic bone diseases into bioarchaeological projects. - Covers deficiencies of vitamin C and D, osteoporosis (age-related and secondary), Paget's disease of bone, anaemia and approaches to disease co-occurrence - Contains clear and user-friendly guidance for macroscopic, radiological and microscopic diagnoses - Highlights current inquiries and debates in biological anthropology, bioarchaeology, palaeopathology, medical history and clinical/biomedical research - Extensive figures, most new or updated, provide invaluable information on biological processes and lesion expression through diagrams and photographs
Advanced Techniques in Bone Regeneration is a book that brings together over 15 chapters, written by leading practitioners and researchers, of the latest advances in the area, including surgical techniques, new discoveries, and promising methods involving biomaterials and tissue engineering. This book is intended for all who work in the treatment of disorders involving problems with the regeneration of bone tissue, are doctors or dentists, as well as are researchers and teachers involved in this exciting field of scientific knowledge.
Provides comprehensive coverage of everything that students and practitioners need to know about working in the field of forensic anthropology Forensic anthropology has been plagued by questions of scientific validity and rigor despite its acceptance as a section in the American Academy of Forensic Sciences nearly half a century ago. Critics have viewed it as a laboratory-based applied subfield of biological anthropology, and characterised it as emphasising methodology over theory. This book shows that these views are not only antiquated, but inadequate and inaccurate. Forensic Anthropology: Theoretical Framework and Scientific Basis introduces readers to all of the theoretical and scientific foundations of forensic anthropology — beginning with how it was influenced by the early theoretical approaches of Tyler, Morgan, Spencer and Darwin. It instructs on how modern forensic science relies on an interdisciplinary approach — with research being conducted in the fields of archaeology, physics, geology and other disciplines. This modern approach to theory in forensic anthropology is presented through the introduction and discussion of Foundational, Interpretive and Methodological theories. Sections cover: Bias and Objectivity in Forensic Anthropology Theory and Practice; The Theory and Science Behind Biological Profile and Personal Identification; Scientific Foundation for Interpretations of Antemortem, Perimortem, and Postmortem Processes; and Interdisciplinary Influences, Legal Ramifications and Future Directions. Illustrates important aspects of the theory building process and reflects methods for strengthening the scientific framework of forensic anthropology as a discipline Inspired by the “Application of Theory to Forensic Anthropology” symposium presented at the 67th annual meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences Chapters written by experts in the field who were presenters at the symposium Forensic Anthropology: Theoretical Framework and Scientific Basis is ideal for university courses in anthropological science, forensic science, criminal science and forensic archaeology.
This book presents selected proceedings from two installments of the MAD Conference in 2020—MAD Blockchain 2020 and MAD Artificial Intelligence 2020. These events focused on applications of these novel technologies in media, arts and design. A number of researchers present their own projects and practical implementations of blockchain and AI in games, art, education and sustainable living, while other authors explore theoretical and ethical questions that these technologies bring into society. First and foremost, we recommend this book to aspiring scholars and practitioners who are also building new solutions using blockchain and AI. Besides, the book extends the existing scholarship on AI and blockchain and provides proven cases and tools for education in ICT. The conference has been organized by Danube-University Krems, Drexel University Philadelphia and University of Malta with support from the MIT Education Arcade, the Texas A&M LIVE Lab and University of Vaasa.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common and most severe form of inflammatory arthritis. The pathogenesis of RA has been the subject of intense research for several decades. The prevailing hypotheses have changed over the years, and have attempted to incorporate the most recent data. Although T cells represent an important component of the cells which infiltrate the joint synovium, their contribution at a late stage of the disease remains a matter of debate. The goal of this book is to outline the major arguments and data suggesting that T cells may, or may not, be central players in the pathogenesis of chronic RA. While each of the editors and authors has his/her own bias (as will be clear by reading the respective chapters), our hope is that the readers will enjoy a complete and balanced view of the critical questions and experiments. This is not just an intellectual exercise since the direction of future therapeutic interventions depends heavily on how one interprets the pathogenesis of RA and the contribution of T cells.
We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS has had no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that all aspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policy or opinion of the IUIS. Part of the APCs for articles in this collection were financed by the Fondazione Beppe e Nuccy Angiolini ONLUS. Publisher’s note: In this 2nd edition, acknowledgment for the Fondazione Beppe e Nuccy Angiolini ONLUS has been added.
This book presents exclusive and comprehensive insight into the detailed molecular mechanisms of osteoarthritis (OA) initiation, progression and current advancements in the field. Inputs from clinician scientists, research and expertise offer a complete explanation of the current understanding of the pathogenesis of OA and practice in imaging and treatments strategies. Contributions from leading scientists provide a detailed introduction in the use of biomarkers in clinical research as well as in clinical practice and OA diagnosis. This book further discusses the potential of regenerative therapies and recent advances in cardiovascular and functional capacity on patients with OA.
