This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Power-Aware Computer Systems, PACS 2002, held in Cambridge, MA, USA, in February 2002. The 13 revised full papers presented were carefully selected for inclusion in the book during two rounds of reviewing and revision. The papers are organized in topical sections on power-aware architecture and microarchitecture, power-aware real-time systems, power modeling and monitoring, and power-aware operating systems and compilers.
The phenomenal increases in computer system performance in recent years have been accompanied by a commensurate increase in power and energy dissipation. The latter has directly resulted in demand for expensive packaging and cooling technology, an increase in product cost, and a decrease in product reliability in all segments of the computing market. Moreover, the higher power/energy dissipation has signi cantly reduced battery life in portable systems. While - stem designers have traditionally relied on circuit-level techniques to reduce - wer/energy, there is a growing need to address power/energy dissipation at all levels of the computer system. We are pleased to welcome you to the proceedings of the Power-Aware C- puter Systems (PACS 2000) workshop. PACS 2000 was the rst workshop in its series and its aim was to bring together experts from academia and industry to address power-/energy-awareness at all levels of computer systems. In these p- ceedings, we bring you several excellent research contributions spanning a wide spectrum of areas in power-aware systems, from application all the way to c- pilers and microarchitecture, and to power/performance estimating models and tools. We have grouped the contributions into the following speci c categories: (1) power-aware microarchitectural/circuit techniques, (2) application/compiler power optimizations, (3) exploiting opportunity for power optimization in - struction scheduling and cache memories, and (4) power/performance models and tools.
With the advent of portable and autonomous computing systems, power con sumption has emerged as a focal point in many research projects, commercial systems and DoD platforms. One current research initiative, which drew much attention to this area, is the Power Aware Computing and Communications (PAC/C) program sponsored by DARPA. Many of the chapters in this book include results from work that have been supported by the PACIC program. The performance of computer systems has been tremendously improving while the size and weight of such systems has been constantly shrinking. The capacities of batteries relative to their sizes and weights has been also improv ing but at a rate which is much slower than the rate of improvement in computer performance and the rate of shrinking in computer sizes. The relation between the power consumption of a computer system and it performance and size is a complex one which is very much dependent on the specific system and the technology used to build that system. We do not need a complex argument, however, to be convinced that energy and power, which is the rate of energy consumption, are becoming critical components in computer systems in gen eral, and portable and autonomous systems, in particular. Most of the early research on power consumption in computer systems ad dressed the issue of minimizing power in a given platform, which usually translates into minimizing energy consumption, and thus, longer battery life.
Implementing energy-efficient CPUs and peripherals as well as reducing resource consumption have become emerging trends in computing. As computers increase in speed and power, their energy issues become more and more prevalent. The need to develop and promote environmentally friendly computer technologies and systems has also come to the forefront
This book provides basic and fundamental knowledge of various aspects of energy-aware computing at the component, software, and system level. It provides a broad range of topics dealing with power-, energy-, and temperature-related research areas for individuals from industry and academia.
Until now, there has been a lack of a complete knowledge base to fully comprehend Low power (LP) design and power aware (PA) verification techniques and methodologies and deploy them all together in a real design verification and implementation project. This book is a first approach to establishing a comprehensive PA knowledge base. LP design, PA verification, and Unified Power Format (UPF) or IEEE-1801 power format standards are no longer special features. These technologies and methodologies are now part of industry-standard design, verification, and implementation flows (DVIF). Almost every chip design today incorporates some kind of low power technique either through power management on chip, by dividing the design into different voltage areas and controlling the voltages, through PA dynamic and PA static verification, or their combination. The entire LP design and PA verification process involves thousands of techniques, tools, and methodologies, employed from the r egister transfer level (RTL) of design abstraction down to the synthesis or place-and-route levels of physical design. These techniques, tools, and methodologies are evolving everyday through the progression of design-verification complexity and more intelligent ways of handling that complexity by engineers, researchers, and corporate engineering policy makers.
The three volume set LNICST 84 - LNICST 86 constitute the refereed proceedings ofthe Second International Conference on Computer Science and InformationTechnology, CCSIT 2012, held in Bangalore, India, in January 2012. The 70 revised full papers presented in this volume were carefullyreviewed and selected from numerous submissions and address all major fields ofthe Computer Science and Information Technology in theoretical, methodological,and practical or applicative aspects. The papers feature cutting-edge developmentand current research in computer science and engineering.
The Information and communication technology (ICT) industry is said to account for 2% of the worldwide carbon emissions – a fraction that continues to grow with the relentless push for more and more sophisticated computing equipment, c- munications infrastructure, and mobile devices. While computers evolved in the directionofhigherandhigherperformanceformostofthelatterhalfofthe20thc- tury, the late 1990’s and early 2000’ssaw a new emergingfundamentalconcern that has begun to shape our day-to-day thinking in system design – power dissipation. As we elaborate in Chapter 1, a variety of factors colluded to raise power-ef?ciency as a ?rst class design concern in the designer’s mind, with profound consequences all over the ?eld: semiconductor process design, circuit design, design automation tools, system and application software, all the way to large data centers. Power-ef?cient System Design originated from a desire to capture and highlight the exciting developments in the rapidly evolving ?eld of power and energy op- mization in electronic and computer based systems. Tremendous progress has been made in the last two decades, and the topic continues to be a fascinating research area. To develop a clearer focus, we have concentrated on the relatively higher level of design abstraction that is loosely called the system level. In addition to the ext- sive coverage of traditional power reduction targets such as CPU and memory, the book is distinguished by detailed coverage of relatively modern power optimization ideas focussing on components such as compilers, operating systems, servers, data centers, and graphics processors.
The energy consumption issue in distributed computing systems raises various monetary, environmental and system performance concerns. Electricity consumption in the US doubled from 2000 to 2005. From a financial and environmental standpoint, reducing the consumption of electricity is important, yet these reforms must not lead to performance degradation of the computing systems. These contradicting constraints create a suite of complex problems that need to be resolved in order to lead to 'greener' distributed computing systems. This book brings together a group of outstanding researchers that investigate the different facets of green and energy efficient distributed computing. Key features: One of the first books of its kind Features latest research findings on emerging topics by well-known scientists Valuable research for grad students, postdocs, and researchers Research will greatly feed into other technologies and application domains
