Potential Impacts of Northeast Refinery Reduction
Potential Impacts of Northeast Refinery Reduction

Author: Mace R. Ward

Publisher: Nova Science Publishers

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781620816677

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Reduction in refining activity in the Northeast, as reflected in recently announced plans to idle over 50% of the regional refining capacity, is likely to impact supplies of petroleum products. The transition period as supply sources shift could be problematic for Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD), gasoline, and jet fuel supplies. Prolonged uncertainty over the coming months with regard to the disposition and operation of important logistical assets such as pipelines, ports and storage would compound adjustment challenges. Reduced short-term product supply flexibility due to longer delivery times and potential transportation bottlenecks for sources outside the region could also increase price volatility. This book explores potential developments of Northeast refinery reductions with a focus on alternative supply options; available pipeline capacity, implications for regional transportation fuels markets, heating oil supply and prices in the Northeast, and fuel security for the military.

Potential Impacts of Northeast Refinery Reductions
Potential Impacts of Northeast Refinery Reductions

Author: Mace R. Ward

Publisher:

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 56

ISBN-13: 9781620816943

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Reduction in refining activity in the Northeast, as reflected in recently announced plans to idle over 50% of the regional refining capacity, is likely to impact supplies of petroleum products. The transition period as supply sources shift could be problematic for Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD), gasoline, and jet fuel supplies. Prolonged uncertainty over the coming months with regard to the disposition and operation of important logistical assets such as pipelines, ports and storage would compound adjustment challenges. Reduced short-term product supply flexibility due to longer delivery times and potential transportation bottlenecks for sources outside the region could also increase price volatility. This book explores potential developments of Northeast refinery reductions with a focus on alternative supply options; available pipeline capacity, implications for regional transportation fuels markets, heating oil supply and prices in the Northeast, and fuel security for the military.

Economical and Environmental Impacts of Emission Mitigation in Petroleum Refineries
Economical and Environmental Impacts of Emission Mitigation in Petroleum Refineries

Author: Amani Alnahdi

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Despite the large number of products produced by oil refineries, they are considered to be one of the main source of air contaminants including, sulphur oxides SOx, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides NOx and carbon oxide CO2, which are primarily caused by fuel burning. Gases emanated from fuel burning in oil refinery need to be tumbled down as they create a critical environmental issue in the developed world. A number of control strategies can be applied in order to mitigate emissions and meet certain environmental regulations. This thesis addresses the development of a mathematical model for an oil refinery with consideration to multiple pollutants reduction alternatives. The objective of this study is to help decision makers of oil refineries to select the best pollution control strategies for a given emission reduction target. The model is demonstrated by an industrial scale refinery with three emissions including nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Furthermore, this research studies the dispersion of air pollutants that are potentially released from oil refinery. As a test case, we used a potential site for oil refinery in the northern area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In order to predict pollutants concentrations, dispersions and transports, we used a screening model (SCREEN3), and a non-steady state Lagrangian puff model (CALPUFF), which use topographical and meteorological conditions on concentration of pollutant emissions to examine the impacts at receptor locations.

War with Iran
War with Iran

Author: Geoffrey Kemp

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 265

ISBN-13: 1442221992

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War With Iran: Political, Military and Economic Consequences provides readers both a history of Iran's relationship with the West and an expert's estimation of what the political, human and financial costs of full-scale war with Iran might be. Authors Geoffrey Kemp and John Allen Gay of the Center for the National Interest utilize their years studying and informing America's foreign policy in the Middle East to bring to life the possible outcomes of an American military intervention in Iran. Such a decision would not only have catastrophic consequences on the Persian Gulf, but would also endanger the whole world's delicate economy by heightening instability in a fragile but resource-rich region. Written for anyone with an interest in the future of American foreign policy, War With Iran explores what every player has at stake in the current crisis by analyzing every tension adjacent to it; from America's staunch support of Israel to Iran's own dogged pursuit of advanced nuclear capabilities. Controversial, timely and thoroughly researched, this story stands as a preliminary caution against what would be a devastating meltdown of diplomacy, for which--if peace be the goal--there is always time.

Oil in the Sea III
Oil in the Sea III

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2003-03-14

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 0309084385

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Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.