Possibility of Long Range Precipitation Forecasting for the Hawaiian Islands
Possibility of Long Range Precipitation Forecasting for the Hawaiian Islands

Author: Samuel B. Solot

Publisher:

Published: 1948

Total Pages: 60

ISBN-13:

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In order to establish a meteorological forecasting system, it is necessary to find a direct relationship between measurable physical states of the atmosphere and the end product, the weather element to be forecast. The long range forecaster is quite limited in his choice of physical parameters. In fact only the very large-scale dynamics of the atmosphere which can be expressed in terms of mean pressure patterns are amenable to long range analysis. Thus the problem reduces to finding a link between mean planetary pressure patterns and precipitation in the Hawaiian Islands.

The Annual Report of the Secretary of Commerce
The Annual Report of the Secretary of Commerce

Author: United States. Department of Commerce

Publisher:

Published: 1945

Total Pages: 1214

ISBN-13:

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The first annual report submitted December 16, 1913, "being the eleventh annual report of so much of the former Department of commerce and labor as is now included within the Department of commerce," contains an outline of the work of the department. Another issue is dated 1914.

Application of Synoptic Climatology and Short-range Numerical Prediction to Five-day Forecasting
Application of Synoptic Climatology and Short-range Numerical Prediction to Five-day Forecasting

Author: William H. Klein

Publisher:

Published: 1965

Total Pages: 130

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Five-day mean and daily meteorological data observed since 1949 are analyzed empirically in order to derive useful climatological and forecasting relationships between surface weather elements and the circulation pattern. The synoptic climatology of 5-day precipitation, surface temperature, 700-1000-mb. thickness, and sea level pressure is investigated by constructing fields of simple linear correlation between these elements and the simultaneous anomaly of 700-mb. height over North American and adjacent oceans. The relation of precipitation and temperature to the field of sea level pressure is studied in a similar fashion. On the basis of the analogy are drawn concerning the association between each weather element and other meteorological factors. Schematic models are then constructed showing preferred portions of the circulation pattern at 700-mb. and sea level for opposite extremes of weather in different parts of the United States.

An Objective Method of Forecasting Five-day Precipitation for the Tennessee Valley
An Objective Method of Forecasting Five-day Precipitation for the Tennessee Valley

Author: William H. Klein

Publisher:

Published: 1949

Total Pages: 68

ISBN-13:

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The investigation to be described in full in this report was started as a pilot project in July 1946, in an effort to improve and render more objective the precipitation anomaly estimates based on prognostic circulation patterns. Precipitation rather than temperature was investigated, because the forecast verification scores had been consistently lower on precipitation than on temperature forecasts.

Predicting the Runoff from Storm Rainfall
Predicting the Runoff from Storm Rainfall

Author: Max Adam Kohler

Publisher:

Published: 1951

Total Pages: 12

ISBN-13:

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The estimation of the volume of runoff to be expected from a given volume of rainfall is a fundamental problem in flood forecasting. Such estimates are necessary before the unit hydrograph or other techniques can be used to predict the streamflow hydrograph. The authors describe the technique now used at the River Forecast Centers of the U.S. Weather Bureau for evaluating the effect of season, antecedent conditions, duration of rainfall and rainfall amount in determining the portion of the rainfall contributing to storm runoff. Special problems encountered in flood forecasting are emphasized. The technique, developed and tested over several years, yields a high degree of accuracy in estimated runoff. Although prepared by empirical procedures, the close agreement between relations for basins of similar hydrologic characteristics suggests that rational parameter have been adopted. The similarity between relations also simplifies the work required for their preparation.

Three-dimensional Wind Flow and Resulting Precipitation in a Northern California Storm
Three-dimensional Wind Flow and Resulting Precipitation in a Northern California Storm

Author: United States. Weather Bureau

Publisher:

Published: 1963

Total Pages: 56

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By careful consideration of the observed winds and with the aid of various empirical and dynamics relationships, a steady-state 3-dimensional wind flow is deduced over northern California for a 24-hour stormy period. The production (or evaporation) of precipitation elements is estimated for all parts of the flow, the surviving elements are followed down to the surface, and the resulting precipitation with the observed.

Second Partial Report on the Artificial Production of Precipitation
Second Partial Report on the Artificial Production of Precipitation

Author: Richard Daniel Coons

Publisher:

Published: 1949

Total Pages: 68

ISBN-13:

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The second phase of the Cloud Physics Project was carried on in the vicinity of Wilmington, Ohio, during the spring and summer of 1948. The organization, facilities, and general mode of attack were the same as those used in the first phase of the project. In this second phase of the study, the basic objective was to determine in definite quantitative terms the practical limits and economic importance of cloud modification processes in producing precipitation from cumuliform clouds.