This book focuses on those functionalities that can provide significant improvements in Proportional–integral–derivative (PID) performance in combination with parameter tuning. In particular, the choice of filter to make the controller proper, the use of a feedforward action and the selection of an anti-windup strategy are addressed. The book gives the reader new methods for improving the performance of the most widely applied form of control in industry.
The effectiveness of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers for a large class of process systems has ensured their continued and widespread use in industry. Similarly there has been a continued interest from academia in devising new ways of approaching the PID tuning problem. To the industrial engineer and many control academics this work has previously appeared fragmented; but a key determinant of this literature is the type of process model information used in the PID tuning methods. PID Control presents a set of coordinated contributions illustrating methods, old and new, that cover the range of process model assumptions systematically. After a review of PID technology, these contributions begin with model-free methods, progress through non-parametric model methods (relay experiment and phase-locked-loop procedures), visit fuzzy-logic- and genetic-algorithm-based methods; introduce a novel subspace identification method before closing with an interesting set of parametric model techniques including a chapter on predictive PID controllers. Highlights of PID Control include: an introduction to PID control technology features and typical industrial implementations; chapter contributions ordered by the increasing quality of the model information used; novel PID control concepts for multivariable processes. PID Control will be useful to industry-based engineers wanting a better understanding of what is involved in the steps to a new generation of PID controller techniques. Academics wishing to have a broader perspective of PID control research and development will find useful pedagogical material and research ideas in this text.
Recently, a great deal of effort has been dedicated to capitalising on advances in mathematical control theory in conjunction with tried-and-tested classical control structures particularly with regard to the enhanced robustness and tighter control of modern PID controllers. Much of the research in this field and that of the operational autonomy of PID controllers has already been translated into useful new functions for industrial controllers. This book covers the important knowledge relating to the background, application, and design of, and advances in PID controllers in a unified and comprehensive treatment including: Evolution and components of PID controllers Classical and Modern PID controller design Automatic Tuning Multi-loop Control Practical issues concerned with PID control The book is intended to be useful to a wide spectrum of readers interested in PID control ranging from practising technicians and engineers to graduate and undergraduate students.
The early 21st century has seen a renewed interest in research in the widely-adopted proportional-integral-differential (PID) form of control. PID Control in the Third Millennium provides an overview of the advances made as a result. Featuring: new approaches for controller tuning; control structures and configurations for more efficient control; practical issues in PID implementation; and non-standard approaches to PID including fractional-order, event-based, nonlinear, data-driven and predictive control; the nearly twenty chapters provide a state-of-the-art resumé of PID controller theory, design and realization. Each chapter has specialist authorship and ideas clearly characterized from both academic and industrial viewpoints. PID Control in the Third Millennium is of interest to academics requiring a reference for the current state of PID-related research and a stimulus for further inquiry. Industrial practitioners and manufacturers of control systems with application problems relating to PID will find this to be a practical source of appropriate and advanced solutions.
This monograph presents a new analytical approach to the design of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers for linear time-invariant plants. The authors develop a computer-aided procedure, to synthesize PID controllers that satisfy multiple design specifications. A geometric approach, which can be used to determine such designs methodically using 2- and 3-D computer graphics is the result. The text expands on the computation of the complete stabilizing set previously developed by the authors and presented here. This set is then systematically exploited to achieve multiple design specifications simultaneously. These specifications include classical gain and phase margins, time-delay tolerance, settling time and H-infinity norm bounds. The results are developed for continuous- and discrete-time systems. An extension to multivariable systems is also included. Analytical Design of PID Controllers provides a novel method of designing PID controllers, which makes it ideal for both researchers and professionals working in traditional industries as well as those connected with unmanned aerial vehicles, driverless cars and autonomous robots.
Process Identification and PID Control enables students and researchers to understand the basic concepts of feedback control, process identification, autotuning as well as design and implement feedback controllers, especially, PID controllers. The first The first two parts introduce the basics of process control and dynamics, analysis tools (Bode plot, Nyquist plot) to characterize the dynamics of the process, PID controllers and tuning, advanced control strategies which have been widely used in industry. Also, simple simulation techniques required for practical controller designs and research on process identification and autotuning are also included. Part 3 provides useful process identification methods in real industry. It includes several important identification algorithms to obtain frequency models or continuous-time/discrete-time transfer function models from the measured process input and output data sets. Part 4 introduces various relay feedback methods to activate the process effectively for process identification and controller autotuning. Combines the basics with recent research, helping novice to understand advanced topics Brings several industrially important topics together: Dynamics Process identification Controller tuning methods Written by a team of recognized experts in the area Includes all source codes and real-time simulated processes for self-practice Contains problems at the end of every chapter PowerPoint files with lecture notes available for instructor use
Covers PID control systems from the very basics to the advanced topics This book covers the design, implementation and automatic tuning of PID control systems with operational constraints. It provides students, researchers, and industrial practitioners with everything they need to know about PID control systems—from classical tuning rules and model-based design to constraints, automatic tuning, cascade control, and gain scheduled control. PID Control System Design and Automatic Tuning using MATLAB/Simulink introduces PID control system structures, sensitivity analysis, PID control design, implementation with constraints, disturbance observer-based PID control, gain scheduled PID control systems, cascade PID control systems, PID control design for complex systems, automatic tuning and applications of PID control to unmanned aerial vehicles. It also presents resonant control systems relevant to many engineering applications. The implementation of PID control and resonant control highlights how to deal with operational constraints. Provides unique coverage of PID Control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), including mathematical models of multi-rotor UAVs, control strategies of UAVs, and automatic tuning of PID controllers for UAVs Provides detailed descriptions of automatic tuning of PID control systems, including relay feedback control systems, frequency response estimation, Monte-Carlo simulation studies, PID controller design using frequency domain information, and MATLAB/Simulink simulation and implementation programs for automatic tuning Includes 15 MATLAB/Simulink tutorials, in a step-by-step manner, to illustrate the design, simulation, implementation and automatic tuning of PID control systems Assists lecturers, teaching assistants, students, and other readers to learn PID control with constraints and apply the control theory to various areas. Accompanying website includes lecture slides and MATLAB/ Simulink programs PID Control System Design and Automatic Tuning using MATLAB/Simulink is intended for undergraduate electrical, chemical, mechanical, and aerospace engineering students, and will greatly benefit postgraduate students, researchers, and industrial personnel who work with control systems and their applications.
This book presents a detailed study on fractional-order, set-point, weighted PID control strategies and the development of curve-fitting-based approximation techniques for fractional-order parameters. Furthermore, in all the cases, it includes the Scilab-based commands and functions for easy implementation and better understanding, and to appeal to a wide range of readers working with the software. The presented Scilab-based toolbox is the first toolbox for fractional-order systems developed in open-source software. The toolboxes allow time and frequency domains as well as stability analysis of the fractional-order systems and controllers. The book also provides real-time examples of the control of process plants using the developed fractional-order based PID control strategies and the approximation techniques. The book is of interest to readers in the areas of fractional-order controllers, approximation techniques, process modeling, control, and optimization, both in industry and academia. In industry, the book is particularly valuable in the areas of research and development (R&D) as well as areas where PID controllers suffice – and it should be noted that around 80% of low-level controllers in industry are PID based. The book is also useful where conventional PIDs are constrained, such as in industries where long-term delay and non-linearity are present. Here it can be used for the design of controllers for real-time processes. The book is also a valuable teaching and learning resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students.
This book discusses the theory, application, and practice of PID control technology. It is designed for engineers, researchers, students of process control, and industry professionals. It will also be of interest for those seeking an overview of the subject of green automation who need to procure single loop and multi-loop PID controllers and who aim for an exceptional, stable, and robust closed-loop performance through process automation. Process modeling, controller design, and analyses using conventional and heuristic schemes are explained through different applications here. The readers should have primary knowledge of transfer functions, poles, zeros, regulation concepts, and background. The following sections are covered: The Theory of PID Controllers and their Design Methods, Tuning Criteria, Multivariable Systems: Automatic Tuning and Adaptation, Intelligent PID Control, Discrete, Intelligent PID Controller, Fractional Order PID Controllers, Extended Applications of PID, and Practical Applications. A wide variety of researchers and engineers seeking methods of designing and analyzing controllers will create a heavy demand for this book: interdisciplinary researchers, real time process developers, control engineers, instrument technicians, and many more entities that are recognizing the value of shifting to PID controller procurement.
