Thermal Structure Dynamics in the Upper 500 Meters of the Indian Ocean
Thermal Structure Dynamics in the Upper 500 Meters of the Indian Ocean

Author: J. G. Colborn

Publisher:

Published: 1971

Total Pages: 128

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The International Indian Ocean Expedition (1960-65) has for the first time provided a sufficiently complete data set to support an investigation of the oceanographic and climatic seasonal influence on Indian Ocean thermal structure in the upper 500 m and north of 40 degrees S lat. Analysis of 23,847 bathythermograph and Nansen Cast measurements form the basis for a division of the Indian Ocean into 32 separate Primary Areas with distinct thermal features. The basic thermal parameters considered in the analysis and depicted graphically in this report include mixed-layer depth, maximum thermal gradient, five parameters of the permanent thermocline, and 2C-interval isotherm depths to 500 m. The thermal structure within each oceanographic region is qualitatively evaluated in terms of the relative effects of net surface heat exchange, heat advection, and circulation dynamics. (Author).

Diving in Southeast Asia
Diving in Southeast Asia

Author: David Espinosa

Publisher: Tuttle Publishing

Published: 2016-11-15

Total Pages: 459

ISBN-13: 1462918395

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Well-travelled divers all acknowledge that the best diving in the world is found in the warm waters of tropical Asia. No other region on earth presents such a rich variety of marine life, and none can boast as many different types of dive sites: tiny, isolated atolls, World War II wrecks draped in beautiful soft corals, shallow, bommie-filled fringing reefs and pinnacles, all swarming with fish and vibrant color. Diving in Southeast Asia is a comprehensive diving guide covering Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. It presents in great detail the very best dive sites in the tropical western Pacific. Our seasoned diver-authors have an aggregate half-century of experience exploring these waters, and each site receives thorough coverage, including detailed maps, color photos, and a full description of access, conditions, and facilities. This Southeast Asia diving guide features: Practicalities: Detailed travel information for every budget, including accommodations, transportation, prices, seasons, and dive operators. Information: Local history, diving lore, site conditions, and more than 50 maps. Photography: More than 100 color photographs by top photographers.

Ecology and Conservation of Southeast Asian Marine and Freshwater Environments including Wetlands
Ecology and Conservation of Southeast Asian Marine and Freshwater Environments including Wetlands

Author: A. Sasekumar

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 321

ISBN-13: 9401109583

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

A major concern among ecologists in and outside the ASEAN region is the degradation of the environment, and the overexploitation of freshwater and marine resources. There is as yet no indication that freshwater and marine resources are being managed on a sustainable basis, and loss of wetlands, whether freshwater swamps or mangrove swamps, is a major problem in the ASEAN region. Reclamation of mangrove swamps for aquaculture and agriculture seems to be a continuous activity here and the status of marine parks should also be examined in the light of recent resort development acitivities on small islands. This volume contains numerous recommendations for the promotion of ecological studies and regional cooperation in marine, freshwater ecology and conservation, with special emphasis on the common water masses like the Strait of Malacca, Gulf of Thailand and the South China Sea.

Regional Oceanography
Regional Oceanography

Author: Matthias Tomczak

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2013-10-22

Total Pages: 437

ISBN-13: 1483287610

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Covers the traditional range of topics in regional oceanography. An important aspect of work is its novel approach to a description of the features which give each ocean region its character. The two core principles are the use of the most modern database for all maps of regional distributions of properties and a discussion of all observed features within a frame of reference developed from ocean dynamics, rather than based on the simple geographical approach. The ocean's role in climate variability and climate change is described in detail. The book also includes an evaluation of all major international research projects such as FGGE, IIOE and TOGA. The SI system is used throughout. The use of modern data and inclusion of the oceanographic literature up to 1992 and early 1993 make it a useful reference text.

Closing of the Frontier
Closing of the Frontier

Author: John G Butcher

Publisher: Flipside Digital Content Company Inc.

Published: 2003-08-01

Total Pages: 268

ISBN-13: 9814414522

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book is the first on the history of the marine fisheries of Southeast Asia. It takes as its central theme the movement of fisheries into new fishing grounds, particularly the diverse ecosystems that make up the seas of Southeast Asia. This process accelerated between the 1950s and 1970s in what the author calls "e;the great fish race"e;. Catches soared as the population of the region grew, demand from Japan and North America for shrimps and tuna increased, and fishers adopted more efficient ways of locating, catching, and preserving fish. But the great fish race soon brought about the severe depletion of one fish population after another, while pollution and the destruction of mangroves and coral reefs degraded fish habitats. Today the relentless movement into new fishing grounds has come to an end, for there are no new fishing grounds to exploit. The frontier of fisheries has closed. The challenge now is to exploit the seas in ways that preserve the diversity of marine life while providing the people of the region with a source of food long into the future.

The South China Sea
The South China Sea

Author: Pinxian Wang

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-05-27

Total Pages: 506

ISBN-13: 140209745X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Pinxian Wang and Qianyu Li The South China Sea (SCS) (Fig. 1. 1) offers a special attraction for Earth scientists world-wide because of its location and its well-preserved hemipelagic sediments. As the largest one of the marginal seas separating Asia from the Paci?c, the largest continent from the largest ocean, the SCS functions as a focal point in land-sea int- actions of the Earth system. Climatically, the SCS is located between the Western Paci?c Warm Pool, the centre of global heating at the sea level, and the Tibetan Plateau, the centre of heating at an altitude of 5,000m. Geomorphologically, the SCS lies to the east of the highest peak on earth, Zhumulangma or Everest in the Himalayas (8,848m elevation) and to the west of the deepest trench in the ocean, Philippine Trench (10,497m water depth) (Wang P. 2004). Biogeographically, the SCS belongs to the so-called “East Indies Triangle” where modern marine and terrestrial biodiversity reaches a global maximum (Briggs 1999). Among the major marginal sea basins from the west Paci?c, the SCS presents some of the best conditions for accumulating complete paleoclimatic records in its hemipelagic deposits. These records are favorable for high-resolution pa- oceanographic studies because of high sedimentation rates and good carbonate preservation. It may not be merely a coincidence that two cores from the southern 14 SCS were among the ?rst several cores in the world ocean used by AMS C dating for high-resolution stratigraphy (Andree et al. 1986; Broecker et al. 1988).