Phosphate Deposits of the World: Volume 3, Neogene to Modern Phosphorites
Phosphate Deposits of the World: Volume 3, Neogene to Modern Phosphorites

Author: P. J. Cook

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1986

Total Pages: 486

ISBN-13: 9780521333702

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Marine phosphorites, the principal raw material for phosphatic fertilizers, do not occur uniformly through time and space. The origin of these unusual sedimentary rocks appears to be related mainly to marine biological productivity, often associated with upwelling currents during certain intervals of geological time. This book examines the environmental setting and resulting phosphorites which formed during the Miocene, one of the major and most recent phosphogenic periods throughout the geologic record. In addition, an oceanographic perspective is given by investigations of modern oceanic environments where phosphorites are presently forming. Together, the geologic and marine approaches provide a complete outlook on this important mineral resource. This book is the third of four reference volumes which together cover the achievements of the International Geological Correlation Programme Project 156 (Phosphorites) during the ten years of the project's existence.

Reading the Archive of Earth’s Oxygenation
Reading the Archive of Earth’s Oxygenation

Author: Victor Melezhik

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-09-28

Total Pages: 521

ISBN-13: 3642296696

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Earth’s present-day environments are the outcome of a 4.5 billion year period of evolution reflecting the interaction of global-scale geological and biological processes. Punctuating that evolution were several extraordinary events and episodes that perturbed the entire Earth system and led to the creation of new environmental conditions, sometimes even to fundamental changes in how planet Earth operated. Volume 3: Global Events and the Fennoscandian Arctic Russia - Drilling Earth Project represents another kind of illustrated journey through the early Palaeoproterozoic, provided by syntheses, reviews and summaries of the current state of our understanding of a series of global events that resulted in a fundamental change of the Earth System from an anoxic to an oxic state. The book discusses traces of life, possible causes for the Huronian-age glaciations, addresses radical changes in carbon, sulphur and phosphorus cycles during the Palaeoproterozoic, and provides a comprehensive description and a rich photo-documentation of the early Palaeoproterozoic supergiant, petrified oil-field. Terrestrial environments are characterised through a critical review of available data on weathered and calichified surfaces and travertine deposits. Potential implementation of Ca, Mg, Sr, Fe, Mo, U and Re-Os isotope systems for deciphering Palaeoproterozoic seawater chemistry and a change in the redox-state of water and sedimentary columns are discussed. The volume considers in detail the definition of the oxic atmosphere, possible causes for the oxygen rise, and considers the oxidation of terrestrial environment not as a single event, but a slow-motion process lasting over hundreds of millions of years. Finally, the book provides a roadmap as to how the FAR-DEEP cores may facilitate future interesting science and provide a new foundation for education in earth-science community. Welcome to the illustrative journey through one of the most exciting periods of planet Earth!

Morocco Mining Laws and Regulations Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Important regulations
Morocco Mining Laws and Regulations Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Important regulations

Author: IBP, Inc.

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2013-08

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 1433077906

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A luxury volume on the world's most elegant beverage--by world renowned champagne expert Richard Juhlin, with an introduction by Édouard Cointreau In this beautiful and heavily illustrated volume the world's foremost champagne expert, Richard Juhlin takes the reader on a journey to the geographical area of Champagne and through the history of the beverage. With rich photography to accompany the text he explains how to arrange tastings, develop one’s sense of smell, and why the setting where you drink champagne is important. He also includes personal anecdotes about his lifelong journey from teacher to connoisseur as well as a reference guide describing and ranking an incredible 8,000 champagne houses, types, and vintages. Sit back and enjoy Juhlin’s graceful prose with a lovely glass of champagne, the beverage that has come to epitomize luxury and elegance. This is a must have edition for any serious collector and lover of champagne.

Deep-Sea Mining
Deep-Sea Mining

Author: Rahul Sharma

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-03-28

Total Pages: 535

ISBN-13: 3319525573

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This comprehensive book contains contributions from specialists who provide a complete status update along with outstanding issues encompassing different topics related to deep-sea mining. Interest in exploration and exploitation of deep-sea minerals is seeing a revival due to diminishing grades and increasing costs of processing of terrestrial minerals as well as availability of several strategic metals in seabed mineral resources; it therefore becomes imperative to take stock of various issues related to deep-sea mining. The authors are experienced scientists and engineers from around the globe developing advanced technologies for mining and metallurgical extraction as well as performing deep sea exploration for several decades. They invite readers to learn about the resource potential of different deep-sea minerals, design considerations and development of mining systems, and the potential environmental impacts of mining in international waters.

The Permian of Northern Pangea
The Permian of Northern Pangea

Author: Peter A. Scholle

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 598

ISBN-13: 3642785905

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The Permian was a remarkable time period. It represents the maximum stage of Pangean continental assembly, includes a major global climatic shift from glacial to nonglacial conditions (icehouse-greenhouse transition), and is ter minated by one of the most profound faunal/floral extinction events in the Earth's history. In addition, Permian oceans, although poorly understood, must have had some quite unique characteristics. Permian seas reached the most extreme values of carbon, sulfur, and strontium isotopic ratios ever achieved in Phanerozoic time, and the isotopic ratios of all three elements abruptly returned to more "normal" values at, or very close to, the Permo Triassic boundary. Finally, the Permian is marked by an abundance of important sedimentary mineral resources. It has large fossil fuel concentra tions (coal, oil, and natural gas), enormous phosphate reserves, and very extensive evaporite deposits, including gypsum, anhydrite, and halite, as well as a variety of potash salts. Study of the Permian has been hampered, however, by a number of factors. These include a scattered geologic literature (presented in a variety of languages), a confusing regional and global stratigraphic framework (based, in part, on inadequate type sections), and largely provincial, often poorly correlatable faunas. All have contributed to the sparsity and inadequacy of overviews of this critical geological interval. These two volumes attempt to bring together some of the widely scattered observations about these fascinating rocks, at least for the northern (predominantly nonglacial) parts of Pangea.