Francinah Baloyi was sixteen when the ancestors demanded that she continue the family tradition and be trained as a sangoma, one through whom the spirits would speak. She was twenty-three when Christ appeared to her in vision and cast out those spirits, showed her heaven and hell, brought her to repentance for her numerous abortions, and commissioned her to proclaim him. Today, she is a powerful preacher, who has led many to Christ. Her story demonstrates that conversion must affect every aspect of our life and challenges the syncretism that is threatening the church in Africa.
In Africa, Christianity is sometimes rejected as a "white" religion or combined with elements of African Traditional Religion. The story of Francinah Baloyi shows that neither of these attitudes is correct. Francinah was born into a family of traditional healers who were strongly opposed to Christianity, and in time she herself became a sangoma. But over the years Jesus revealed himself to her in visions. He delivered her from the power of ancestral spirits, convicted her of the sin of having had four abortions, and commissioned her to preach. In a radical display of obedience, she burned all the items associated with her work as a sangoma and uprooted the family altar. And she began to preach wherever she found herself. God also led her to wise church leaders and counselors, who helped her to go to Bible school and lay a biblical foundation for her ministry. Today, she is the leader of a thriving church, with a ministry to others who are still in bondage to ancestral spirits. She is now a sought-after conference speaker and evangelist both nationally and internationally. Her public ministry is marked by her Spirit-filled authenticity and simplicity. Her story has wider resonance in a time when there is a resurgence of traditional religions and when abortion is becoming increasingly common in South Africa.
In Biblical Interpretation and African Traditional Religion, Helen C. John juxtaposes grassroots biblical interpretations from Owamboland, Namibia, with professional interpretations of selected New Testament texts, effectively demonstrating the capacity of grassroots interpretations to destabilise, challenge and nuance dominant professional interpretations. John uses a cross-cultural and dialogical approach – ‘Cross-Cultural Biblical Interpretation Groups’ – to explore the relationship between African Traditional Religion (ATR), Christianity and biblical interpretation in Owamboland, Namibia. She contextualises the grassroots Owambo interpretations using fieldwork experiences and ethnographic literature, thus heightening the cross-cultural encounter. In particular, John reflects on Western epistemologies and the Eurocentric interpretative trends that are brought into relief by the African interpretations gathered in Owamboland.
In these times of intense turmoil, people of African descent are facing serious threats and challenges to their well-being. The ability of the Black community to call on the spirits and ways of its ancestors is crucial to its continued strength. Nearly 20 years have passed since the first printing of this landmark book by renowned scholar and practitioner Lilith Dorsey, and there is still a great need for more accurate and respectful information about African Traditional Religions that have been misrepresented, misunderstood, maligned, and mocked by popular media and the public. This revised and expanded edition provides a helpful introduction to African diaspora religions, a guide beyond the basic tenets to the vibrant, living spirit world of these peoples, and a much-needed key to protocol and proper etiquette, while clearing up common myths about Haitian Vodou, New Orleans Voodoo, Santería (Lucumí), and other practices that stem from misconceptions about possession and sacrifice. New material includes guidance for activists to empower their work for social change with the fierceness, tenacity, and wisdom of their ancestors, as well as never-before-published recipes handed down through the generations, personal spells and charms including root magick for protection and protest, and devotional rituals you can perform yourself. This book stands as a survey of meaning and veracity in a set of religious worlds where secrets are often best kept secret, and teachings are almost always oral and ethereal.
Since the first African American denomination was established in Philadelphia in 1818, churches have gone beyond their role as spiritual guides in African American communities and have served as civic institutions, spaces for education, and sites for the cultivation of individuality and identities in the face of limited or non-existent freedom. In this Very Short Introduction, Eddie S. Glaude Jr. explores the history and circumstances of African American religion through three examples: conjure, African American Christianity, and African American Islam. He argues that the phrase "African American religion" is meaningful only insofar as it describes how through religion, African Americans have responded to oppressive conditions including slavery, Jim Crow apartheid, and the pervasive and institutionalized discrimination that exists today. This bold claim frames his interpretation of the historical record of the wide diversity of religious experiences in the African American community. He rejects the common tendency to racialize African American religious experiences as an inherent proclivity towards religiousness and instead focuses on how religious communities and experiences have developed in the African American community and the context in which these developments took place. About the Series: Oxford's Very Short Introductions series offers concise and original introductions to a wide range of subjects--from Islam to Sociology, Politics to Classics, Literary Theory to History, and Archaeology to the Bible. Not simply a textbook of definitions, each volume in this series provides trenchant and provocative--yet always balanced and complete--discussions of the central issues in a given discipline or field. Every Very Short Introduction gives a readable evolution of the subject in question, demonstrating how the subject has developed and how it has influenced society. Eventually, the series will encompass every major academic discipline, offering all students an accessible and abundant reference library. Whatever the area of study that one deems important or appealing, whatever the topic that fascinates the general reader, the Very Short Introductions series has a handy and affordable guide that will likely prove indispensable.
Since its original publication in Portuguese in 2008, this first English translation of Divining Slavery has been extensively revised and updated, complete with new primary sources and a new bibliography. It tells the story of Domingos Sodré, an African-born priest who was enslaved in Bahia, Brazil in the nineteenth century. After obtaining his freedom, Sodré became a slave owner himself, and in 1862 was arrested on suspicion of receiving stolen goods from slaves in exchange for supposed 'witchcraft'. Using this incident as a catalyst, the book discusses African religion and its place in a slave society, analyzing its double role as a refuge for blacks as well as a bridge between classes and ethnic groups (such as whites who attended African rituals and sought help from African diviners and medicine men). Ultimately, Divining Slavery explores the fluidity and relativity of conditions such as slavery and freedom, African and local religions, personal and collective experience and identities in the lives of Africans in the Brazilian diaspora.
Religion and Spirituality being an invaluable tool to contain the indisputable element of fear to survive; this book tackles the most intriguing issues regarding African interpretation of God’s ways; - in bid to seeking divine balance, natural justice, and emphasizing The Creators’ decentralization of divine authority. This is not only worth a ‘pick’ and worth an inspiration with ancestral techniques of storytelling to stimulate a reading appetite; but a nut worth cracking with objective criticism, logical discussions, and various analytical interpretations of African Theological domain.
From black sorcerers' client-based practices in the antebellum South to the postmodern revival of hoodoo and its tandem spiritual supply stores, the supernatural has long been a key component of the African American experience. What began as a mixture of African, European, and Native American influences within slave communities finds expression today in a multimillion dollar business. In Conjure in African American Society, Jeffrey E. Anderson unfolds a fascinating story as he traces the origins and evolution of conjuring practices across the centuries. Though some may see the study of conjure as a perpetuation of old stereotypes that depict blacks as bound to superstition, the truth, Anderson reveals, is far more complex. Drawing on folklore, fiction and nonfiction, music, art, and interviews, he explores various portrayals of the conjurer -- backward buffoon, rebel against authority, and symbol of racial pride. He also examines the actual work performed by conjurers, including the use of pharmacologically active herbs to treat illness, psychology to ease mental ailments, fear to bring about the death of enemies and acquittals at trials, and advice to encourage clients to succeed on their own. By critically examining the many influences that have shaped conjure over time, Anderson effectively redefines magic as a cultural power, one that has profoundly touched the arts, black Christianity, and American society overall.
Black Magic looks at the origins, meaning, and uses of Conjure—the African American tradition of healing and harming that evolved from African, European, and American elements—from the slavery period to well into the twentieth century. Illuminating a world that is dimly understood by both scholars and the general public, Yvonne P. Chireau describes Conjure and other related traditions, such as Hoodoo and Rootworking, in a beautifully written, richly detailed history that presents the voices and experiences of African Americans and shows how magic has informed their culture. Focusing on the relationship between Conjure and Christianity, Chireau shows how these seemingly contradictory traditions have worked together in a complex and complementary fashion to provide spiritual empowerment for African Americans, both slave and free, living in white America. As she explores the role of Conjure for African Americans and looks at the transformations of Conjure over time, Chireau also rewrites the dichotomy between magic and religion. With its groundbreaking analysis of an often misunderstood tradition, this book adds an important perspective to our understanding of the myriad dimensions of human spirituality.
