Optimizing Chloramine Treatment

Optimizing Chloramine Treatment

Author: Gregory J. Kirmeyer

Publisher: American Water Works Association

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 9781583213315

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This manual recommends optimal operational criteria for chloramine application to enhance and protect distribution system water quality. It examines the chemical characteristics of chloramines, documents the use of chloramines with case studies, and provides planning, design, startup, and monitoring strategies for optimizing the use of chloramines.


Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water

Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water

Author: M Fielding

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1999-01-01

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13: 0857090321

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This volume brings together contributors from water regulators, and water suppliers in Europe and North America to discuss the main issues associated with reaching a cost-effective balance between microbial and chemical risks. Overviews of research are presented alongside illuminating case studies of the practical approaches taken by water companies and regulators on both sides of the Atlantic.


Chemistry of Water Treatment

Chemistry of Water Treatment

Author: Samuel D. Faust

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-05-04

Total Pages: 688

ISBN-13: 1351461117

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This second edition demonstrates how chemistry influences the design of water treatment plants and how it should influence the design. Historically, water treatment plants have been designed from hydraulic considerations with little regard to chemical aspects. The many chemical reactions used for removal of pollutants from water simply cannot be forced to occur within current designs. This book re-examines this traditional approach in light of today's water quality and treatment. Will current water treatment processes be sufficient to meet future demands or will new processes have to be devised? Chemistry of Water Treatment assesses the chemical and physical efficacies of current processes to meet the demands of the Safe Drinking water Act, providing expert information to persons responsible for the production of potable water into the next century.


Management of Legionella in Water Systems

Management of Legionella in Water Systems

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2020-02-20

Total Pages: 291

ISBN-13: 030949382X

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Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.


Long-Term Effects of Disinfection Changes on Water Quality

Long-Term Effects of Disinfection Changes on Water Quality

Author: John E. Dyksen

Publisher: American Water Works Association

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13: 1583215352

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In response to many U.S. water utilities that are considering changing disinfectants from chlorine to alternative disinfectants, this research has been undertaken to gain knowledge of long-term effects.