Optically Multiplexed Systems
Optically Multiplexed Systems

Author: Meena Dasan

Publisher:

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Optical multiplexing is the art of combining multiple optical signals into one to make full use of the immense bandwidth potential of an optical channel. It can perform additional roles like providing redundancy, supporting advanced topologies, reducing hardware and cost, etc. The idea is to divide the huge bandwidth of optical fiber into individual channels of lower bandwidth, so that multiple access with lower-speed electronics is achieved. This chapter focuses on one of the most common and important optical multiplexing techniques, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The chapter begins with a quick historical account of the origin of optical communication and its exponential growth following the invention of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) leading to the widespread adoption of WDM. Alternate multiplexing schemes are also briefly discussed, including time-division multiplexing (TDM), space-division multiplexing (SDM), etc. A typical WDM link and its components are then discussed with special focus on WDM Mux/demultiplexer (DeMux). Further, certain challenges in this field are addressed along with some potential solutions. The chapter concludes by highlighting some features and limitations of optically multiplexed WDM systems.

Multiplexing
Multiplexing

Author: Somayeh Mohammady

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2019-09-04

Total Pages: 122

ISBN-13: 1789845688

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Mobile communication has been a critical part of everyday life for the last 30 years. As the demand for wireless communications and higher data rates on these links continues its rapid growth, engineers, scientists, and researchers are required to advance the hardware and software needed to deliver systems for 5G, Massive multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO), and optical backhaul networks. Now, more than ever before, the fundamental concept of multiplexing is at play. This book is a unique reference for understanding the concept of multiplexing. It provides comprehensive coverage of the practical applications of multiplexing to help the reader better understand its use in these systems. It is a great resource, especially for engineers working on digital signal processing, radio frequency (RF), antenna design, beamforming, and network designs. The book contains chapters on the following topics: • History of multiplexing and how it applies to current technologies; • Different types and applications of multiplexing; • Multiplexing techniques in wireless networks; • Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFD); • Direct-Sequence Optical-Code Division Multiple-Access (DS-OCDMA); • Optically multiplexed systems

Space-Division Multiplexing in Optical Communication Systems
Space-Division Multiplexing in Optical Communication Systems

Author: Masataka Nakazawa

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-08-29

Total Pages: 512

ISBN-13: 3030876195

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book presents new frontiers in data communication. To transcend the physical limitations of current optical communication technologies, totally new multiplexing schemes beyond TDM/WDM, novel transmission optical fibers handling well above Pbit/s capacity, and next-generation optical submarine cable systems will need to be developed. The book offers researchers working at the forefront, as well as advanced Ph.D. students in the area of optical fiber communications systems and related fields, an essential guide to state-of-the-art optical transmission technologies. It explores promising new technologies for the exabit era; namely, the three “M technologies”: multi-level modulation, multi-core fiber, and multi-mode control.

Design and Analysis of All-optical De-multiplexer Architectures for Applications in Spatially Multiplexed Optical Fiber Communication Systems
Design and Analysis of All-optical De-multiplexer Architectures for Applications in Spatially Multiplexed Optical Fiber Communication Systems

Author: Gregory L. Lovell

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Increasing the bandwidth of optical fiber communication systems has always been a desired goal. A popular way of accomplishing this feat is through the addition of new multiplexing techniques. A recently developed multiplexing method, known as spatial division multiplexing (SDM), is a MIMO based communication architecture that supports helical propagation inside the fiber and spatially separates these incoming signals to allow reuse of optical communication frequency bands in the form of concentric donut shaped rings. These doughnut shaped rings cannot be independently detected and processed by the typical optical communication detection architectures used in current systems hence alternative methods of detecting and de-multiplexing concentric ring based intensity profiles of SDM channels are required. This endeavor investigates 'all optical' de-multiplexer solutions suitable to SDM systems by primarily focusing on lens based and an inline optical de-multiplexers. These solutions are analyzed for coupling efficiencies and footprint requirements for optimal performance values in order to optimize these designs for SDM based communication architecture.

Optically Amplified WDM Networks
Optically Amplified WDM Networks

Author: John Zyskind

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2011-01-26

Total Pages: 483

ISBN-13: 0080960987

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

With the advent of wavelength routing and dynamic, reconfigurable optical networks, new demands are being made in the design and operation of optical amplifiers. This book provides, for the first time, a comprehensive review of optical amplifier technology in the context of these recent advances in the field. It demonstrates how to manage the trade-offs between amplifier design, network architecture and system management and operation. The book provides an overview of optical amplifiers and reconfigurable networks before examining in greater detail the issues of importance to network operators and equipment manufacturers, including 40G and 100G transmission. Optical amplifier design is fully considered, focusing on fundamentals, design solutions and amplifier performance limitations. Finally, the book discusses other emerging applications for optical amplifiers such as optical networks for high data rate systems, free space systems, long single span links and optical digital networks. This book will be of great value to R&D engineers, network and systems engineers, telecommunications service providers, component suppliers, industry analysts, network operators, postgraduate students, academics and anyone seeking to understand emerging trends in optical networks and the consequent changes in optical amplifier design, features and applications. Provides an in depth and focused review of the new reconfigurable network architecture and its impact on optical amplifiers Addresses 40G and 100G transmission and networking Written by experts in the field with deep technical knowledge and practical experience of commercial practice and concerns

Optical WDM Networks
Optical WDM Networks

Author: Devi Chadha

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2019-05-08

Total Pages: 387

ISBN-13: 1119393345

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Provides a comprehensive and updated account of WDM optical network systems Optical networking has advanced considerably since 2010. A host of new technologies and applications has brought a significant change in optical networks, migrating it towards an all-optical network. This book places great emphasis on the network concepts, technology, and methodologies that will stand the test of time and also help in understanding and developing advanced optical network systems. The first part of Optical WDM Networks: From Static to Elastic Networks provides a qualitative foundation for what follows—presenting an overview of optical networking, the different network architectures, basic concepts, and a high-level view of the different network structures considered in subsequent chapters. It offers a survey of enabling technologies and the hardware devices in the physical layer, followed by a more detailed picture of the network in the remaining chapters. The next sections give an in-depth study of the three basic network structures: the static broadcast networks, wavelength routed networks, and the electronic/optical logically routed networks, covering the characteristics of the optical networks in the access, metropolitan area, and long-haul reach. It discusses the networking picture; network control and management, impairment management and survivability. The last section of the book covers the upcoming technologies of flex-grid and software defined optical networking. Provides concise, updated, and comprehensive coverage of WDM optical networks Features numerous examples and exercise problems for the student to practice Covers, in detail, important topics, such as, access, local area, metropolitan, wide area all-optical and elastic networks Includes protocols, design, and analysis along with the control and management of the networks Offers exclusive chapters on advance topics to cover the present and future technological trends, such as, software defined optical networking and the flexible grid optical networks Optical WDM Networks: From Static to Elastic Networks is an excellent book for under and post graduate students in electrical/communication engineering. It will also be very useful to practicing professionals in communications, networking, and optical systems.

Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Author: Klaus Grobe

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-09-12

Total Pages: 326

ISBN-13: 1118755154

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

In this book, Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is approached from a strictly practical and application-oriented point of view. Based on the characteristics and constraints of modern fiber-optic components, transport systems and fibers, the text provides relevant rules of thumb and practical hints for technology selection, WDM system and link dimensioning, and also for network-related aspects such as wavelength assignment and resilience mechanisms. Actual 10/40 Gb/s WDM systems are considered, and a preview of the upcoming 100 Gb/s systems and technologies for even higher bit rates is given as well. Key features: Considers WDM from ULH backbone (big picture view) down to PON access (micro view). Includes all major telecom and datacom applications. Provides the relevant background for state-of-the-art and next-gen systems. Offers practical guidelines for system / link engineering.

Optical Fiber Multiplexing and Emerging Techniques
Optical Fiber Multiplexing and Emerging Techniques

Author: Syed H. Murshid

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9781681745718

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book begins with the history and fundamentals of optical fiber communications. Then, briefly introduces existing optical multiplexing techniques and finally focuses on spatial domain multiplexing (SDM), aka space division multiplexing, and orbital angular momentum of photon based multiplexing. These are two emerging multiplexing techniques that have added two new degrees of photon freedom to optical fibers. Part of Series on Electromagnetics and Metamaterials

Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Author: Marcus Nebeling

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-10-08

Total Pages: 376

ISBN-13: 1420018698

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Explaining what CWDM is, how it is achieved, and why it should be deployed, Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing: Technologies and Applications merges coverage of isolated aspects of Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) traditionally found as device-related or specific system topics. Emphasizing cost savings and performance enhancement, the book integrates information on component issues, system architectures, concepts for extensions and upgrades, as well as practical applications into a comprehensive, single-volume resource. Beginning with a summary of the ITU-T standards defining CWDM, the book addresses the three essential component classes, optical fibers, transceivers, and WDM filters, which combine to form the basis for the CWDM transmission link. The following chapters include coverage of different architectures such as hubbed rings and meshed networks, and upgrade paths to overcome limitations of current CWDM systems. The book outlines the feasibility of optically amplified CWDM systems, investigates the challenges present with high-speed CWDM and bidirectional transmission, and finally elucidates the importance of CWDM for a wide range of applications. Each chapter provides sufficient information to be used independently and contains references to relevant papers and articles for further study. The last sections of the book focus on applications and case studies where CWDM plays an ever-increasing role. They include extensive studies on networking, reach extension by amplification, and the latest concepts of transmission capacity upgrades using increased bit-rates or new channel plans. Filled with practical information, the book provides a clear understanding of recent developments in the dynamic field of CWDM.

Optical Code Division Multiple Access
Optical Code Division Multiple Access

Author: Paul R. Prucnal

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-10-03

Total Pages: 402

ISBN-13: 1420026615

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Code-division multiple access (CDMA) technology has been widely adopted in cell phones. Its astonishing success has led many to evaluate the promise of this technology for optical networks. This field has come to be known as Optical CDMA (OCDMA). Surveying the field from its infancy to the current state, Optical Code Division Multiple Access: Fundamentals and Applications offers the first comprehensive treatment of OCDMA from technology to systems. The book opens with a historical perspective, demonstrating the growth and development of the technologies that would eventually evolve into today's optical networks. Building on this background, the discussion moves to coherent and incoherent optical CDMA coding techniques and performance analysis of these codes in fiber optic transmission systems. Individual chapters provide detailed examinations of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology including theory, design, and applications; coherent OCDMA systems; and incoherent OCDMA systems. Turning to implementation, the book includes hybrid multiplexing techniques along with system examples and conversion techniques to connect networks that use different multiplexing platforms, state-of-the-art integration technologies, OCDMA network security issues, and OCDMA network architectures and applications, including a look at possible future directions. Featuring contributions from a team of international experts led by a pioneer in optical technology, Optical Code Division Multiple Access: Fundamentals and Applications places the concepts, techniques, and technologies in clear focus for anyone working to build next-generation optical networks.