First published in 1981. Urban modelling techniques are an established tool in assessing the possible repercussions of major changes in land use. This book is an introductory guide to the various models that have been developed and to how they can be applied in planning practice, particularly with relation to land use activities such as residential, industrial and retail development, and changes in the transport network. The author has provided a coherent and reliable introductory text which will be welcomed by students and teachers in search of a guide to current methods in the field of urban modelling.
First published in 1981. Urban modelling techniques are an established tool in assessing the possible repercussions of major changes in land use. This book is an introductory guide to the various models that have been developed and to how they can be applied in planning practice, particularly with relation to land use activities such as residential, industrial and retail development, and changes in the transport network. The author has provided a coherent and reliable introductory text which will be welcomed by students and teachers in search of a guide to current methods in the field of urban modelling.
Urban models can be divided into explanatory or policy-oriented classifications. Explanatory models are usually systematic attempts at explaining urban form; operational models, on the other hand, rely on either social physics or behavior principles. Explanatory models focus on the tradeoffs between the cost of the site itself and the costs of travel, the analytic problems caused by the unique quality of each location, the effects of transport congestion on city form, and the consequences of welfare emphasis on equity. The social physics form of operational models tries to replicate statistical regularities observed in the activities of people within a city. Economic models based on behavioral principles are the easiest to understand because their structure is drawn from behavioral relations derived from behavioral analysis. The characteristics of operational and explanatory models overlap. Two operational and two explanatory models are presented as exemplary techniques for modeling urban areas in developing countries. Useful explanatory models are likely to require large sets of disaggregated data in order to provide the building blocks for the operational models.
Following on from Integrated Models Volume 1: Policy Analysis of Transportation and Lane Use (Routledge Library Editions, 2006), this book bridges the gap between the scholars and the practitioners of transportation and land-use modelling. First published in 1991, chapters discuss model-calibration and model-solution problems, describe a series of numerical and policy analyses, and propose potential directions for location and land-use research. This reissue will be of particular value to undergraduate and postgraduate geography students with an interest in integrated urban modelling; in particular, the research conducted in the field over the past two decades.
This volume is the result of an international collaboration, which started with a conference at Smadalaro Gfrrd in Sweden. The workshop was supported by the National Science Foundation of the USA (INT-9215114) and by the Swedish National Road Administration, the Swedish Council for Building Research, the Swedish Transport and Communications Research Board and the Swedish Council for Planning and Coordination of Research. This support is gratefully acknow ledged. The collaboration started as a bilateral u.S.-Swedish endeavour but was soon widened to other scholars in Europe, Asia, Australia and South-America. Network Infrastructure and the Urban Environment is a policy area of growing importance. Sustainable cities and sustainable transport systems are necessary for attaining a sustainable development. The research and policy field, represented in this volume, comprises a number of challenging contrasts: - the contrast between infrastructure investments, mobility and environmental sustainability; - the contrast between policy contexts, modelling traditions and available decision support systems in various parts of the world; - the contrast between available best practice methods and the majority of models applied in planning; the contrast between static models of cross-sectionary equilibria and dynamic models of disequilibrium adjustments; and the contrast between state-of-the-art operationalland-use/transport models and new demands for land-use/transportlenvironment models due to changing policy contexts. Bridging some of these gaps constitutes important research tasks, that are discussed in the twenty-two chapters of this book. A number of emerging research directions are identified in the introduction and summary chapter.
