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Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2009-09-08
Total Pages: 33
ISBN-13: 9264076247
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis Test Guideline describes an amphibian metamorphosis assay intended to screen substances which may interfere with the normal functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. The assay was validated with the species Xenopus laevis, which is ...
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2019-06-18
Total Pages: 42
ISBN-13: 9264916784
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe purpose of the test is to measure the capacity of a chemical to activate or inhibit the transcription of a genetic construct (THb/ZIP-GFP X. laevis eleutheroembryos) either by binding to the thyroid hormone receptor or by modifying the amount of thyroid hormone available for transcription. The test is based on the use of a transgenic frog (possessing the genetic construction THb/ZIP-GFP) of the species X. laevis. GFP is a fluorescent protein that can be used to affirm the presence of the substance and to follow its action. This test is based on the quantification of fluorescence, and thus of the GFP protein, throughout the eleutheroembryo exposed to a test chemical. Indeed, if the fluorescence is > 12% by including the highest concentration of the test, the test is considered positive. Organisms are exposed in chemically inert cell culture plates (6 wells). Each well contains ten organisms in solution. In a run, 20 organisms are exposed to each test concentration. Tadpoles are exposed to the test chemical at NF stage 45 for a duration of 72 hours. A positive result of the XETA test indicates in vivo that a substance induces damage to the receptor and metabolization of the thyroid hormone. A negative result indicates that, under test conditions, the test substance does not induce detectable damage to the thyroid and its functioning.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2015-07-28
Total Pages: 38
ISBN-13: 9264242341
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis Test Guideline describes the Medaka Extended One Generation Test (MEOGRT), which exposes fish over multiple generations to give data relevant to ecological hazard and risk assessment of chemicals, including suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Exposure in the MEOGRT starts with ...
Author: Kenji Murata
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2019-09-10
Total Pages: 372
ISBN-13: 1119575346
DOWNLOAD EBOOKExplains the advantages of using medaka in experimental designs, to facilitate research, and to stimulate progress by adopting medaka as a model animal The second volume of Medaka: Biology, Management, and Experimental Protocols, together with the first volume, helps to familiarize scientists with the advantages of using medaka in experimental designs, to facilitate research using medaka, and to stimulate progress by adopting medaka as a model animal. The second edition expands on the first by providing additional information and current protocols that have been recently developed, or modified, to successfully raise medaka fish under stable culture conditions in the laboratory. This volume explores new technologies developed after 2009, using the fish as a molecular tool in the fields of life science, evolution, ecology, and toxicology. The authors—noted experts in the field—provide the latest information that spans the varied research disciplines and addresses the value to science of medaka's adoption as a model animal. This important book: Explores the advantages of using medaka in experimental designs, to facilitate research Details the most recent protocols to successfully raise medaka fish under stable conditions in the laboratory Explores the most recent developments in the field Provides step-by step specifics for each protocol, allowing researchers to adapt them for use in their own work Written for students and researchers in fish biology and aquaculture, Medaka: Biology, Management, and Experimental Protocols, Volume 2 introduces the cutting edge research in basic and applied biology using medaka as a model animal as well as descriptions of experimental methods and protocols.
Author: Eduardo Alves de Almeida
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2023-12-15
Total Pages: 558
ISBN-13: 100383714X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAnuran amphibians are among the animal groups with the highest rate of population decline on the planet. Among the factors driving this decline are environmental pollutants, whose negative effects on larvae and tadpoles are still relatively little studied. This is the first book devoted entirely to studying the effects of environmental pollutants on amphibian tadpoles. Throughout its 14 chapters, various aspects of the toxic effects of different classes of environmental contaminants are explored, such as the toxicokinetics of toxic compounds in tadpoles and their health effects, which may result in negative consequences at populations level.
Author: A. Wallace Hayes
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2023-07-03
Total Pages: 2143
ISBN-13: 1000875776
DOWNLOAD EBOOKHayes’ Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to toxicology. The new edition contains updated and new chapters with the addition of new authors while maintaining the same high standards that have made this book a benchmark resource in the field. Key Features: The comprehensive yet concise coverage of various aspects of fundamental and applied toxicology makes this book a valuable resource for educators, students, and professionals. Questions provided at the end of each chapter allow readers to test their knowledge and understanding of the material covered. All chapters have been updated and over 60 new authors have been added to reflect the dynamic nature of toxicological sciences New topics in this edition include Safety Assessment of Cosmetics and Personal Care Products, The Importance of the Dose/Rate Response, Novel Approaches and Alternative Models, Epigenetic Toxicology, and an Expanded Glossary. The volume is divided into 4 major sections, addressing fundamental principles of toxicology (Section I. "Principles of Toxicology"), major classes of established chemical hazards (Section II. "Agents"), current methods used for the assessment of various endpoints indicative of chemical toxicity (Section III. "Methods"), as well as toxicology of specific target systems and organs (Section IV. "Organ- and System-Specific Toxicology"). This volume will be a valuable tool for the audience that wishes to broaden their understanding of hazards and mechanisms of toxicity and to stay on top of the emerging methods and concepts of the rapidly advancing field of toxicology and risk assessment.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2014-09-03
Total Pages: 524
ISBN-13: 9264221417
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis document is a tool to support regulatory authorities’ decisions on the hazard of specific chemicals when they receive test results from a Test Guideline (TG) or draft TG for the screening/testing of chemicals for endocrine disrupting properties.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2018-09-03
Total Pages: 692
ISBN-13: 9264304746
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis guidance document was originally published in 2012 and updated in 2018 to reflect new and updated OECD test guidelines, as well as reflect on scientific advances in the use of test methods and assessment of the endocrine activity of chemicals.
Author: Marcelo Larramendy
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Published: 2015-07-22
Total Pages: 172
ISBN-13: 9535121456
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis edited book, Toxicity and Hazard of Agrochemicals, is intended to provide an overview of toxicology that examines the hazardous effects of common agrochemicals employed every day in our agricultural practices. Furthermore, it is hoped that the information in the present book will be of value to those directly engaged in the handling and use of agrochemicals and that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all interested in the different aspects of human and environmental risk toxicities.
Author: Philippa D. Darbre
Publisher: Academic Press
Published: 2015-03-21
Total Pages: 390
ISBN-13: 0128011203
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEndocrine Disruption and Human Health starts with an overview of what endocrine disruptors are, the issues surrounding them, and the source of these chemicals in the ecosystem. This is followed by an overview of the mechanisms of action and assay systems. The third section includes chapters written by specialists on different aspects of concern for the effects of endocrine disruption on human health. Finally, the authors consider the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and the pertinent regulation developed by the EU, the US FDA, as well as REACH and NGOs. The book has been written for researchers and research clinicians interested in learning about the actions of endocrine disruptors and current evidence justifying concerns for human health but is useful for those approaching the subject for the first time, graduate students, and advanced undergraduate students. - Provides readers with access to a range of information from the basic mechanisms and assays to cutting-edge research investigating concerns for human health - Presents a comprehensive, translational look at all aspects of endocrine disruption and its effects on human health - Offers guidance on the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and current relevant regulatory considerations
