OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2019-12-17

Total Pages: 119

ISBN-13: 9264531718

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Estonia’s economy continues to perform well, and growing incomes support well-being. However, the expansion has peaked, and growth is set to soften due to weak international demand. Prudent fiscal policy has resulted in low debt, but spending pressures related to meeting infrastructure needs and ageing are mounting. Old age poverty is high and the proposal to allow early withdrawal of pension funds threatens macroeconomic stability and pension adequacy. The gender wage gap is among the highest in the OECD, and inequalities in income and health are considerable, reflecting gaps in the social safety net. The oil-shale sector is highly energy-intensive and is the main culprit behind Estonia’s high greenhouse gas emissions, but reducing dependence on the sector is challenging, as it is an important employer and meets 70% of Estonia’s energy needs.


OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2011

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2011

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2011-04-18

Total Pages: 143

ISBN-13: 926409248X

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The 2011 edition of OECD's periodic economic survey of Estonia's economy. This edition includes chapters covering emerging from the recessions, fiscal policy, public sector spending efficiency, and making the most of globalisation.


OECD Economic Surveys: India 2019

OECD Economic Surveys: India 2019

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2019-12-24

Total Pages: 146

ISBN-13: 9264823514

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India has been a growth champion in recent years and has succeeded in taming inflation, the current account deficit and non-performing loans. India's participation in the global economy has risen, with outstanding performances in some services, while the largest diaspora in the world is an asset in developing new markets. India has also lifted many millions of people out of poverty and has made access to housing for all a priority. Ambitious structural reforms -- including better targeted household support, financial inclusion initiatives, the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, the new approach to federalism and the corporate income tax reform -- have played a key role.


OECD Economic Surveys: United Kingdom 2017

OECD Economic Surveys: United Kingdom 2017

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2017-10-17

Total Pages: 140

ISBN-13: 9264283005

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After a good performance until 2016, growth slowed in the first half of 2017. The unemployment rate has fallen to below 4.5%, but real wages are in a downward trend. Planned Brexit has raised uncertainty and dented business investment. Negotiating the closest possible EU-UK economic relationship...


OECD Economic Surveys: France 2021

OECD Economic Surveys: France 2021

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2021-11-18

Total Pages: 147

ISBN-13: 9264891242

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The French economy rebounded quickly following the COVID-19 crisis, in particular thanks to the acceleration of the vaccination campaign and strong public support measures. Rapid and effective implementation of the recovery and investment plans would help support stronger and more sustainable growth.


OECD Economic Surveys: Belgium 2020

OECD Economic Surveys: Belgium 2020

Author: Oecd

Publisher: Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development

Published: 2020-02-27

Total Pages: 122

ISBN-13: 9789264911161

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Swiss citizens continue to enjoy high living standards on a range of dimensions. Economic growth has slowed but the healthy labour market is still supporting incomes and consumption. However, risks to the outlook are building. Monetary policy has been very accommodative but low interest rates are adding to financial risks. Fiscal policy is sound and debt low. There is scope to make greater use of available fiscal space. Adapting to population ageing is becoming pressing. This trend, along with digital transformation, will bring new opportunities for the economy and society, but challenges as well. Policies have not kept up with rising life expectancy, particularly the statutory retirement age. Updating the pension system and lowering barriers to working longer would ensure that workers continue to receive adequate incomes during retirement. Ageing will also pressure health care spending and increase demand for long-term care. Policies to contain costs and reduce fragmentation in the system can help maintain access to quality care. Switzerland is well placed to seize the opportunities offered by new technologies. Addressing the barriers to adoption, improving the availability of information and helping workers adapt will enable firms, individuals and governments to reap the benefits of digitalisation. SPECIAL FEATURE: POLICIES FOR AN AGEING SOCIETY


OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2012

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2012

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2012-10-01

Total Pages: 126

ISBN-13: 926412831X

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OECD's 2012 Economic Survey of Estonia examines recent economic developments, policy, and prospects. In addition it includes special chapters covering macroeconomic volatility and skills and poverty.


The Shadow Economy

The Shadow Economy

Author: Friedrich Schneider

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2013-02-14

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 1107034841

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This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work.


OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2017

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2017

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2017-09-15

Total Pages: 135

ISBN-13: 9264281169

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The Estonian economy displays numerous strengths, including an excellent business environment, high educational attainment, and solid public finances. However, around a quarter of the population is still at risk of poverty and productivity growth has slowed down.


OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2011

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2011

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2011-04-18

Total Pages: 144

ISBN-13: 9789264096950

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The 2011 edition of OECD's periodic economic survey of Estonia's economy. This edition includes chapters covering emerging from the recessions, fiscal policy, public sector spending efficiency, and making the most of globalisation.