OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019
OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2019-12-17

Total Pages: 119

ISBN-13: 9264531718

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Estonia’s economy continues to perform well, and growing incomes support well-being. However, the expansion has peaked, and growth is set to soften due to weak international demand. Prudent fiscal policy has resulted in low debt, but spending pressures related to meeting infrastructure needs and ageing are mounting. Old age poverty is high and the proposal to allow early withdrawal of pension funds threatens macroeconomic stability and pension adequacy. The gender wage gap is among the highest in the OECD, and inequalities in income and health are considerable, reflecting gaps in the social safety net. The oil-shale sector is highly energy-intensive and is the main culprit behind Estonia’s high greenhouse gas emissions, but reducing dependence on the sector is challenging, as it is an important employer and meets 70% of Estonia’s energy needs.

OECD Economic Surveys: Austria 2009
OECD Economic Surveys: Austria 2009

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2009-07-02

Total Pages: 131

ISBN-13: 9264054405

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This 2009 edition of OECD's periodic survey of Austria's economy includes chapters on the financial crisis, product and labour market reforms, and fiscal policy challenges. The special feature examines re-inventing the education system.

OECD Economic Surveys: France 2021
OECD Economic Surveys: France 2021

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2021-11-18

Total Pages: 147

ISBN-13: 9264891242

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The French economy rebounded quickly following the COVID-19 crisis, in particular thanks to the acceleration of the vaccination campaign and strong public support measures. Rapid and effective implementation of the recovery and investment plans would help support stronger and more sustainable growth.

OECD Economic Surveys: Austria 2009
OECD Economic Surveys: Austria 2009

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2009-07-06

Total Pages: 134

ISBN-13: 9789264054394

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This 2009 edition of OECD's periodic survey of Austria's economy includes chapters on the financial crisis, product and labour market reforms, and fiscal policy challenges. The special feature examines re-inventing the education system.

OECD Economic Surveys: Switzerland 2019
OECD Economic Surveys: Switzerland 2019

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2019-11-04

Total Pages: 128

ISBN-13: 9264748075

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Swiss citizens continue to enjoy high living standards on a range of dimensions. Economic growth has slowed but the healthy labour market is still supporting incomes and consumption. However, risks to the outlook are building. Monetary policy has been very accommodative but low interest rates are adding to financial risks. Fiscal policy is sound and debt low. There is scope to make greater use of available fiscal space. Adapting to population ageing is becoming pressing. This trend, along with digital transformation, will bring new opportunities for the economy and society, but challenges as well. Policies have not kept up with rising life expectancy, particularly the statutory retirement age. Updating the pension system and lowering barriers to working longer would ensure that workers continue to receive adequate incomes during retirement.

OECD Economic Surveys: Austria 2011
OECD Economic Surveys: Austria 2011

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2011-07-11

Total Pages: 130

ISBN-13: 9264093443

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The 2011 edition of OECD's periodic review of the Austrian economy. This edition includes chapters covering public sector inefficiencies and reforming the health care system.

OECD Factbook 2009
OECD Factbook 2009

Author: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Publisher: OECD Factbook: Economic, Envir

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 313

ISBN-13: 9789264056046

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The Factbook is the OECD's most comprehensive and dynamic statistical annual. More than 100 indicators cover a wide range of areas: economy, agriculture, education, energy, environment, foreign aid, health and quality of life, industry, information and communications, population and labor force, trade and investment, taxation, public expenditure, and R&D. The focus of the 2009 edition is on inequalities in income, earnings, health, and education. Each indicator has a two-page spread: the left page provides a short introductory text followed by a detailed definition of the indicator, comments on comparability of the data, an assessment of related long-term trends, and a list of references for further information. The right page contains a table and a graph that provide--at a glance--the key message conveyed by the data. A dynamic link (StatLink) is provided for each table. It directs the user to a web page where the corresponding data are available in Excel(R) format.

The Shadow Economy
The Shadow Economy

Author: Friedrich Schneider

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2013-02-14

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 1107034841

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This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work.

OECD Economic Surveys: Israel 2020
OECD Economic Surveys: Israel 2020

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2020-09-23

Total Pages: 144

ISBN-13: 9264663207

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The Israeli economy was performing well before the COVID-19 shock but the pandemic is threatening to reverse some of Israel’s recent economic achievements, raise poverty and exacerbate wide productivity disparities between its vibrant high-tech sector and lagging sheltered sectors. Lockdown measures and high uncertainty have led to a sharp contraction in output and reduced employment.