Non-equilibrium Evaporation and Condensation Processes
Non-equilibrium Evaporation and Condensation Processes

Author: Yuri B. Zudin

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-02-27

Total Pages: 573

ISBN-13: 303067553X

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This present book is concerned with analytical approaches to statement and solution of problems of non-equilibrium evaporation and condensation. From analytical solutions, one is capable to understand and represent in a transparent form the principal laws, especially in the study of a new phenomenon or a process. This is why analytical methods are always employed on the first stage of mathematical modeling. Analytical solutions are also used as test models for validation of results numerical solutions. Non-equilibrium evaporation and condensation processes play an important role in a number of fundamental and applied problems: laser methods for processing of materials, depressurization of the protection cover of nuclear propulsion units, solar radiation on a comet surface, explosive boiling of superheated liquid, thermodynamic principles of superfluid helium. Analytical relations provide an adequate description of the essence of a physical phenomenon.

Non-equilibrium Evaporation and Condensation Processes
Non-equilibrium Evaporation and Condensation Processes

Author: Yuri B. Zudin

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-03-12

Total Pages: 414

ISBN-13: 3030138151

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This monograph is focused mostly on the exposition of analytical methods for the solution of problems of strong phase change. A new theoretical model is proved useful in describing, with acceptable accuracy, problems of strong evaporation and condensation. The book is the first to treat the problem of asymmetry for evaporation/condensation. A semi-empirical model for the process is proposed for purposes of practical calculation of the process of strong evaporation. The “limiting schemes” of the vapor bubble growth are analyzed. The thermo-hydrodynamic problem of evaporating meniscus of a thin liquid film on a heated surface is considered. A theoretical analysis of the problem of evaporation of a drop levitating over a vapor cushion is performed. The problem of vapor condensation upon a transversal flow around a horizontal cylinder is considered. The second edition is extended by (i) the conjugate “strong evaporation - heat conduction” problem, (ii) the influence of accommodation coefficients on intensive processes of evaporation and condensation, (iii) the problem of supersonic condensation. This book is the first to present a comprehensive theoretical approach of boiling problems: nucleate boiling, superfluid helium phase transition, similarity between pseudo-boiling and subcritical pressure nucleate boiling. The target audience primarily comprises research experts in the field of thermodynamics and fluid dynamics, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.

Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics of Heterogeneous Systems
Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics of Heterogeneous Systems

Author: Signe Kjelstrup

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 451

ISBN-13: 9812779132

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The purpose of this book is to encourage the use of non-equilibrium thermodynamics to describe transport in complex, heterogeneous media. With large coupling effects between the transport of heat, mass, charge and chemical reactions at surfaces, it is important to know how one should properly integrate across systems where different phases are in contact. No other book gives a prescription of how to set up flux equations for transports across heterogeneous systems.The authors apply the thermodynamic description in terms of excess densities, developed by Gibbs for equilibrium, to non-equilibrium systems. The treatment is restricted to transport into and through the surface. Using local equilibrium together with the balance equations for the surface, expressions for the excess entropy production of the surface and of the contact line are derived. Many examples are given to illustrate how the theory can be applied to coupled transport of mass, heat, charge and chemical reactions; in phase transitions, at electrode surfaces and in fuel cells. Molecular simulations and analytical studies are used to add insight.

Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics Of Heterogeneous Systems (Second Edition)
Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics Of Heterogeneous Systems (Second Edition)

Author: Signe Kjelstrup

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2020-08-27

Total Pages: 492

ISBN-13: 9811216789

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This book utilizes non-equilibrium thermodynamics to describe transport in complex, heterogeneous media. There are large coupling effects between transport of heat, mass, charge and chemical reactions at surfaces, and it is important to know how one should properly integrate across systems where different phases are in contact. There is no other book available today that gives a prescription of how to set up flux equations for transports across heterogeneous systems.

Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics Of Heterogeneous Systems
Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics Of Heterogeneous Systems

Author: Signe Kjelstrup

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2008-02-22

Total Pages: 451

ISBN-13: 981447231X

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The purpose of this book is to encourage the use of non-equilibrium thermodynamics to describe transport in complex, heterogeneous media. With large coupling effects between the transport of heat, mass, charge and chemical reactions at surfaces, it is important to know how one should properly integrate across systems where different phases are in contact. No other book gives a prescription of how to set up flux equations for transports across heterogeneous systems.The authors apply the thermodynamic description in terms of excess densities, developed by Gibbs for equilibrium, to non-equilibrium systems. The treatment is restricted to transport into and through the surface. Using local equilibrium together with the balance equations for the surface, expressions for the excess entropy production of the surface and of the contact line are derived. Many examples are given to illustrate how the theory can be applied to coupled transport of mass, heat, charge and chemical reactions; in phase transitions, at electrode surfaces and in fuel cells. Molecular simulations and analytical studies are used to add insight.

Non-Equilibrium Phenomena near Vapor-Liquid Interfaces
Non-Equilibrium Phenomena near Vapor-Liquid Interfaces

Author: Alexei Kryukov

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-28

Total Pages: 59

ISBN-13: 3319000837

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This book presents information on the development of a non-equilibrium approach to the study of heat and mass transfer problems using vapor-liquid interfaces, and demonstrates its application to a broad range of problems. In the process, the following peculiarities become apparent: 1. At vapor condensation on the interface from gas-vapor mixture, non-condensable components can lock up the interface surface and condensation stops completely. 2. At the evolution of vapor film on the heater in superfluid helium (He-II), the boiling mass flux density from the vapor-liquid interface is effectively zero at the macroscopic scale. 3. In problems concerning the motion of He-II bridges inside capillaries filled by vapor, in the presence of axial heat flux the He-II bridge cannot move from the heater as would a traditional liquid, but in the opposite direction instead. Thus the heater attracts the superfluid helium bridge. 4. The shape of liquid-vapor interface at film boiling on the axis-symmetric heaters immersed in liquid greatly depends on heat flux in the interface. Thus a new type of hydrostatic problems appears when in contrast to traditional statements the shape of the liquid-vapor interface has a complex profile with a point of inflection and a smooth exit on a free liquid surface.

Acoustic Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics
Acoustic Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics

Author: Kyuichi Yasui

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-10-26

Total Pages: 131

ISBN-13: 3319682377

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This brief explains in detail fundamental concepts in acoustic cavitation and bubble dynamics, and describes derivations of the fundamental equations of bubble dynamics in order to support those readers just beginning research in this field. Further, it provides an in-depth understanding of the physical basis of the phenomena. With regard to sonochemistry, the brief presents the results of numerical simulations of chemical reactions inside a bubble under ultrasound, especially for a single-bubble system and including unsolved problems. Written so as to be accessible both with and without prior knowledge of fundamental fluid dynamics, the brief offers a valuable resource for students and researchers alike, especially those who are unfamiliar with this field. A grasp of fundamental undergraduate mathematics such as partial derivative and fundamental integration is advantageous; however, even without any background in mathematics, readers can skip the equations and still understand the fundamental physics of the phenomena using the book’s wealth of illustrations and figures. As such, it is also suitable as an introduction to the field.

Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics For Engineering Applications
Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics For Engineering Applications

Author: Signe Kjelstrup

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2024-07-23

Total Pages: 357

ISBN-13: 9811294607

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This book presents the theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics in a pedagogical and practical way that targets engineering applications. In it, tools to take advantage of the second as well as the first law of thermodynamics are provided.The book starts by explaining how the entropy production is the cornerstone of non-equilibrium thermodynamics — the basis to describe coupled transport phenomena, which are highly relevant for several renewable energy technologies. The book also uses entropy production as the foundation for a systematic methodology to analyze and improve energy efficiency, and shows how entropy production can be used to test the consistency of transport models. The link between transport theory and energy efficiency is also shown, and the relationship to exergy analysis is demonstrated. The theory is applied using examples from practical cases like evaporation, heat exchange, reactor optimization, distillation and more.Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics for Engineering Applications may be used as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate university curricula containing thermodynamics or energy conversion issues at large, chemical and mechanical engineering, applied chemistry and applied physics.

Experimental Thermodynamics Volume X
Experimental Thermodynamics Volume X

Author: Dick Bedeaux

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 432

ISBN-13: 1782620249

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Covering recent developments in the theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and its applications, this title is aimed at a predominantly, but not exclusively, academic audience of practitioners of thermodynamics and energy conversion.