The processes and techniques of manufacturing have changed substantially over the decades and that evolution continues today. In order to examine the potential impacts of these changes, the Department of Commerce asked the NRC to design a workshop to focus on issues central to the changing nature of manufacturing. The workshop brought together a number of experts to present papers about and to discuss the current state of manufacturing in the United States and the challenges it faces. This report presents the results of that workshop. Key challenges that emerged from the workshop and that are discussed include understanding manufacturing trends; manufacturing globalization; information technology opportunities; maintaining innovation; strengthening small and medium-sized enterprises; workforce education; and rising infrastructure costs.
Manufacturing has seen progress during the industrial revolution from Industry 1.0 to 4.0. Recent manufacturing processes involve various systems and several challenges remain to handle. For example, the spread of the virus COVID-19 in the late of 2019 has talked many industrial abilities and various manufacturing systems shown incapacities. Therefore, any manufacturing system and process should be improved and tested under crisis scenarios. The book "Manufacturing Systems: Progress and Future Directions" is a source of the latest research and technical notes in manufacturing systems. This book is useful for students, researchers, and all readers interested in this topic. It is organized into twenty-seven chapters.
Solid Freeform Fabrication is a set of manufacturing processes that are capable of producing complex freeform solid objects directly from a computer model of an object without part-specific tooling or knowledge. In essence, these methods are miniature manufacturing plants which come complete with material handling, information processing and materials processing. As such, these methods require technical knowledge from many disciplines; therefore, researchers, engineers, and students in Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, and Manufacturing Engineering and Materials and Computer Science will all find some interest in this subject. Particular subareas of concern include manufacturing methods, polymer chemistry, computational geometry, control, heat transfer, metallurgy, ceramics, optics, and fluid mechanics. History of technology specialists may also find Chapter 1 of interest. Although this book covers the spectrum of different processes, the emphasis is clearly on the area in which the authors have the most experience, thermal laser processing. In particular, the authors have all been developers and inventors of techniques for the Selective Laser Sintering process and laser gas phase techniques (Selective Area Laser Deposition). This is a research book on the subject of Solid Freeform Fabrication.
Basically five problems areas are addressed by operations research specialists in the manufacturing domain: theore- tical and practical aspectsin production planning, facility layout, inventory control, tool management and scheduling. Some of these problems can be solved off-line, while others must be treated as real-time problems impacted by the changing state of the system. Additionally, all of these problems have to be dealt with in an integrated systems framework. Several new topics have recently appeared in the scientific literature which now attract the interest of operations researchers. These include distributed real-time scheduling, hierarchical and heterarchical control systems, integrated algorithms for design, process planning, and equipment level programming, material handling in a finite capacity resource environment, and designing and implementing distributed data management systems. The contributions of these proceedings represent new andunique theoretical developments and applications related to these new topics. They deal with modelling production structures and applying expert systems or neural networks to production systems. Mathematical programming, control theory, simulation, genetic algorithms, tabu search, and simulated annealing are applied as solutiton techniques.
“Changeable and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems” discusses key strategies for success in the changing manufacturing environment. Changes can often be anticipated but some go beyond the design range, requiring innovative change enablers and adaptation mechanisms. The book presents the new concept of Changeability as an umbrella framework that encompasses paradigms such as agility, adaptability, flexibility and reconfigurability. It provides the definitions and classification of key terms in this new field, and emphasizes the required physical/hard and logical/soft change enablers. The book presents cutting edge technologies and the latest research, as well as future directions to help manufacturers stay competitive. It contains original contributions and results from senior international experts, together with industrial applications. The book serves as a comprehensive reference for professional engineers, managers, and academics in manufacturing, industrial and mechanical engineering.
The proceedings contain papers accepted for the 17th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, which was held in Cracow, Poland, September 6-10, 2010. Concurrent Engineering (CE) has a history of over twenty years. At first, primary focus was on bringing downstream information as much upstream as possible, by introducing parallel processing of processes, in order to prevent errors at the later stage which would sometimes cause irrevocable damage and to reduce time to market. During the period of more than twenty years, numerous new concepts, methodologies and tools have been developed. During this period the background for engineering/manufacturing has changed extensively. Now, industry has to work with global markets. The globalization brought forth a new network of experts and companies across many different domains and fields in distributed environments. These collaborations integrated with very high level of profesionalism and specialisation, provided the basis for innovations in design and manufacturing and succeeded in creating new products on a global market.
Additive Manufacturing: A Tool for Industrial Revolution 4.0 explores the latest developments, underlying mechanisms, challenges and opportunities for 3D printing in a digital manufacturing environment. It uses an international panel of experts to explain how additive manufacturing processes have been successfully integrated with industry 4.0 technologies for increased technical capabilities, efficiency, flexibility and sustainability. The full manufacturing product cycle is addressed, including design, materials, mechanical properties, and measurement. Future directions for this important technological intersection are also explored. This book will interest researchers and industrial professionals in industrial engineering, digital manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, data science applications, and computer engineering. - Addresses a wide range of additive manufacturing technology, including processes, controls and operation - Explains many new and sustainable additive manufacturing methods - Provides detailed descriptions on how to modernize and optimize conventional additive manufacturing methodologies in order to take full advantage of synergies with industry 4.0
This book is th e result of a collaborative research project involving the Centre for Defence and Security Studies at the University of Manitoba (Canada) and the Centre for Defence Economics at the University of York in England . Perhaps not surprisingly, given its transatlantic origins, its lineage is somewhat involved. In Canada , its origins can be traced to two earlier research projects on the political economy of arms production undertaken by members of what has since become the Centre for Defence and Security Studies . The first of these , carried out in collaboration with Toronto 's York University, and financially supported by the Centre for Studies in Defence Resources Management at the National Defence College in Kingston, Ontario , was entitled " Th e Implications of Europe 1992 For Canadian Defence and Defence Industrial Interests" . The second , undertaken in conjunction with both York University and Nova Scotia's Dalhousie University , was supported by the now defunct Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security , and dealt with " N a t i o n a l Defence and the Canadian Economy . " Workshops were held in connection with both these studies, which brought together academic, governmental and industry experts in the field of defence production .
The book reports on the latest advances and challenges of soft computing. It gathers original scientific contributions written by top scientists in the field and covering theories, methods and applications in a number of research areas related to soft-computing, such as decision-making, probabilistic reasoning, image processing, control, neural networks and data analysis.
Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems comprises 330 papers that were presented at the Eighth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation (SEMC 2022, Cape Town, South Africa, 5-7 September 2022). The topics featured may be clustered into six broad categories that span the themes of mechanics, modelling and engineering design: (i) mechanics of materials (elasticity, plasticity, porous media, fracture, fatigue, damage, delamination, viscosity, creep, shrinkage, etc); (ii) mechanics of structures (dynamics, vibration, seismic response, soil-structure interaction, fluid-structure interaction, response to blast and impact, response to fire, structural stability, buckling, collapse behaviour); (iii) numerical modelling and experimental testing (numerical methods, simulation techniques, multi-scale modelling, computational modelling, laboratory testing, field testing, experimental measurements); (iv) design in traditional engineering materials (steel, concrete, steel-concrete composite, aluminium, masonry, timber); (v) innovative concepts, sustainable engineering and special structures (nanostructures, adaptive structures, smart structures, composite structures, glass structures, bio-inspired structures, shells, membranes, space structures, lightweight structures, etc); (vi) the engineering process and life-cycle considerations (conceptualisation, planning, analysis, design, optimization, construction, assembly, manufacture, maintenance, monitoring, assessment, repair, strengthening, retrofitting, decommissioning). Two versions of the papers are available: full papers of length 6 pages are included in an e-book, while short papers of length 2 pages, intended to be concise but self-contained summaries of the full papers, are in this printed book. This work will be of interest to civil, structural, mechanical, marine and aerospace engineers, as well as planners and architects.
