Abstract. This introduction sets the scene for the remainder of the book by considering first the international context of widespread concern about the improvement of numeracy skills. This is related to reform movements in the UK, the US and other countries aimed at modernising primary (elementary) school mathematics curricula. A detailed account is given of the National Numeracy Strategy in England, a systemic government-imposed response to concern about standards implemented in 1999/2000. This includes a discussion of the alternative meanings of numeracy. An earlier initiative sponsored by a UK charitable trust reacting to concern about primary numeracy was the Leverhulme Numeracy Research Programme. This large-scale longitudinal study and linked set of case-study projects, focusing on reasons for low attainment, took place during 1997-2002. This book, and each other in the same series, is based on results of that research. The timescale fortuitously enabled the research team to also report on some effects of the systemic reform in the National Numeracy Strategy. 1. THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT In many countries, there are recurring periods of national concern about the low standards of calculation skills shown by children in primary (elementary) schools. Recently these concerns have become more urgent and more political with the publication of international comparisons of mathematical achievement, first at secondary and more recently at primary level (e. g. Lapointe, Mead et al. 1992; Mullis et al. , 1997).
This book draws on both in and out of school literacy practices with teachers and families to enhance the numeracy of early learners. It provides highly illustrative exemplars, targeted for learners up to approximately eight years of age whose home language differs from the language of instruction. It identifies the challenges faced by these learners and their families, and shares ways of building both literacy and numeracy skills for some of the vulnerable learners nationally and internationally. The book shares the outcomes and strategies for teaching mathematics to early years learners and highlights the importance of literacy practices for learners for whom the language of instruction is different from their home language. Readers will gain a practical sense of how to create contexts, classrooms and practices to scaffold these learners to build robust understandings of mathematics.
This book offers friendly guidance on how to work with adult learners to develop their numeracy and mathematics skills. It brings together current research and practice on teaching adult numeracy into one handy volume and covers the major issues faced by teachers of adult numeracy such as current policy perspectives and implications for teaching practice. There are reflective tasks throughout, which encourage you to develop and apply your theoretical knowledge to your own experiences. Key features include: Reviews of existing policy and research and implications for practice Reflective tasks with commentary, encouraging you to develop and apply your knowledge Case studies of real student experiences Practical activities and ideas to support the planning, teaching and assessment of adult numeracy Drawing on the substantial experience of the contributors, who have a wealth of experience as practitioners and researchers in the field, this book is an essential resource for trainee and practising teachers of adult numeracy and mathematics. It is also an ideal textbook to support teacher training courses leading to a subject specific qualification in teaching numeracy to adults. Contributors: Jackie Ashton, John Barton, Carolyn Brooks, Martyn Edwards, Janette Gibney, David Holloway, David Kaye, Beth Kelly, Barbara Newmarch, Helen Oughton, David Prinn, Diana Spurr, Rebecca Woolley "This is a quite unique book about teaching adult numeracy, which will be invaluable to the many practitioners in this field. The chapters, contributed by a group of experienced and successful lecturers and practitioners, include all aspects of this field, from methods of teaching specific mathematical topics to more general explorations of dyscalculia and emotional factors in adult learners. Each chapter includes research findings and thoughtful presentation of ideas with practical ideas for teaching, and tasks for the reader. This is a market which has not been served well in the past, so it is good to see the gap filled at last." Margaret Brown, Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Education, King's College London, UK "The editors of this book set out to produce a text that would support teacher-education programmes for adult numeracy, and their book does that and more. The content covers different types of learners, different settings, different understandings of what numeracy actually is; and ranges from commentary on research through case studies to "how to" hints and tips for teaching. Chapters 7 (on provoking mathematical thinking) and 8 (attitudes, beliefs and teaching) should be a required read for any adult numeracy teacher. The book would be at home on any numeracy teacher's desk, and would make an excellent set text for numeracy teacher training courses." Carol Randall, course co-ordinator for numeracy in the department of Lifelong Learning Teacher Education, University of Greenwich, UK "This book is a welcome addition to the growing literature on adult numeracy. It should be essential reading for trainee and practising adult numeracy educators. It brings together relevant research and professional wisdom on a wide variety of aspects of adult numeracy teaching and learning in an accessible way, with well-focussed tasks for readers to extend their knowledge and understanding. While the book is born out of UK concerns and issues, it is also relevant to international readers. Highly recommended." Professor Diana Coben PhD, Director, National Centre of Literacy & Numeracy for Adults, University of Waikato, New Zealand, and Hon. Trustee, Adults Learning Mathematics - A Research Forum (ALM -- www.alm-online.net/)
Learning takes place both inside and outside of the classroom, embedded in local practices, traditions and interactions. But whereas the importance of social practice is increasingly recognised in literacy education, Numeracy as Social Practice: Global and Local Perspectives is the first book to fully explore these principles in the context of numeracy. The book brings together a wide range of accounts and studies from around the world to build a picture of the challenges and benefits of seeing numeracy as social practice ̶ that is, as mathematical activities embedded in the social, cultural, historical and political contexts in which these activities take place. Drawing on workplace, community and classroom contexts, Numeracy as Social Practice shows how everyday numeracy practices can be used in formal and non-formal maths teaching and how, in turn, classroom teaching can help to validate and strengthen local numeracy practices. At a time when an increasingly transnational approach is taken to education policy making, this book will appeal to development practitioners and researchers, and adult education, mathematics and numeracy teachers, researchers and policy makers around the world.
Transform mathematics learning from “doing” to “thinking” American students are losing ground in the global mathematical environment. What many of them lack is numeracy—the ability to think through the math and apply it outside of the classroom. Referencing the new common core and NCTM standards, the authors outline nine critical thinking habits that foster numeracy and show you how to: Monitor and repair students’ understanding Guide students to recognize patterns Encourage questioning for understanding Develop students’ mathematics vocabulary Included are several numeracy-rich lesson plans, complete with clear directions and student handouts.
There are many approaches to researching the difficulties in learning that students experience in the key areas of literacy and numeracy. This book seeks to advance understanding of these difficulties and the interventions that have been used to improve outcomes. The book addresses the sometimes complementary and sometimes contradictory results, and generates new approaches to understanding and serving students with difficulties in literacy and numeracy. The book represents a departure from conventional wisdom as most scholars and graduate students draw upon ideas from only one of the three domains focal in the book and usually from one single or dominant theoretical frame. Typically, readers will affiliate with reading education, mathematics education, or learning disabilities and belong to one of the corresponding professional associations such as IRA, NCTM, or CLD. This book’s scope will open a scholarly forum for engaging readers with a familiarity with one of these domains while providing insight into the others on offer in the book.
Covering the key principles and concepts in the teaching and learning of mathematics in primary schools, this text provides trainee and practising teachers with a quick and easy reference to what they need to know for their course, and in the classroom. The entries are arranged alphabetically, and each contains a brief definition, followed by an explanation and discussion, practical examples and annotated suggestions for further reading. Examples of the wide-ranging material include: Anxiety about mathematics; Assessment for Learning; Cognitive conflict; Concept learning; Creativity in mathematics; Differentiation; Equivalence; Explanation; Investigation; Low attainment; Making connections; Meaningful context; Mental calculation; Numeracy; Play as a context for learning mathematics; Problem-solving; Questioning; Talk.
The four sections in this Third International Handbook are concerned with: (a) social, political and cultural dimensions in mathematics education; (b) mathematics education as a field of study; (c) technology in the mathematics curriculum; and (d) international perspectives on mathematics education. These themes are taken up by 84 internationally-recognized scholars, based in 26 different nations. Each of section is structured on the basis of past, present and future aspects. The first chapter in a section provides historical perspectives (“How did we get to where we are now?”); the middle chapters in a section analyze present-day key issues and themes (“Where are we now, and what recent events have been especially significant?”); and the final chapter in a section reflects on policy matters (“Where are we going, and what should we do?”). Readership: Teachers, mathematics educators, ed.policy makers, mathematicians, graduate students, undergraduate students. Large set of authoritative, international authors.
The book is centered on how major curriculum reform shapes mathematics and the professional practices of teachers. This book documents in real time the implementation of a major government numeracy programme and its receipt by trainee and new teachers. It documents the complete life span of that initiative. The account is targeted at an international readership in terms of how curriculum reform more generally shapes mathematics in schools and the practices of teachers. A key dimension of the book is an alternative view of mathematics education research in which the task of teacher development is understood at policy level where large numbers of teachers were interviewed to assess how policies were being processed through individuals. The book provides an easy and accessible commentary utilising contemporary theory to describe how such teachers reconcile their personal aspirations with the external demands they encounter in negotiating their identities as professional teachers.
