Sale of Gas Networks by National Grid
Sale of Gas Networks by National Grid

Author: Great Britain: National Audit Office

Publisher: The Stationery Office

Published: 2006-02-10

Total Pages: 56

ISBN-13: 0102937001

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In June 2005, the National Grid plc sold four of the eight regional gas distribution networks in Britain for £5.8 billion (those covering Scotland, Wales and the north, south and west of England). The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem), the industry regulator, controls the licenses for operation of these networks; and in making its recommendation on their sale, Ofgem's primary statutory responsibility was to protect the interest of consumers. This NAO report finds that Ofgem successfully fulfilled its duty in relation to the sales, and in seeking to maintain a stable regulatory framework and manage future risks. The sales should help encourage price competition and more efficient working practices, and help deliver potential savings to customers. However, the projected benefits to consumers are subject to uncertainty, given that they are forecast over a long time frame. The report makes a number of recommendations designed to highlight lessons learned in relation to: calculating customer benefits; the internal management of projects involving sales and mergers; and protecting the consumer interest in the future.

Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System
Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2017-10-25

Total Pages: 171

ISBN-13: 0309463076

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Americans' safety, productivity, comfort, and convenience depend on the reliable supply of electric power. The electric power system is a complex "cyber-physical" system composed of a network of millions of components spread out across the continent. These components are owned, operated, and regulated by thousands of different entities. Power system operators work hard to assure safe and reliable service, but large outages occasionally happen. Given the nature of the system, there is simply no way that outages can be completely avoided, no matter how much time and money is devoted to such an effort. The system's reliability and resilience can be improved but never made perfect. Thus, system owners, operators, and regulators must prioritize their investments based on potential benefits. Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System focuses on identifying, developing, and implementing strategies to increase the power system's resilience in the face of events that can cause large-area, long-duration outages: blackouts that extend over multiple service areas and last several days or longer. Resilience is not just about lessening the likelihood that these outages will occur. It is also about limiting the scope and impact of outages when they do occur, restoring power rapidly afterwards, and learning from these experiences to better deal with events in the future.

Grid Computing
Grid Computing

Author: Lizhe Wang

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-10-03

Total Pages: 529

ISBN-13: 1420067680

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Identifies Recent Technological Developments Worldwide The field of grid computing has made rapid progress in the past few years, evolving and developing in almost all areas, including concepts, philosophy, methodology, and usages. Grid Computing: Infrastructure, Service, and Applications reflects the recent advances in this field, covering the research aspects that involve infrastructure, middleware, architecture, services, and applications. Grid Systems Across the Globe The first section of the book focuses on infrastructure and middleware and presents several national and international grid systems. The text highlights China Research and Development environment Over Wide-area Network (CROWN), several ongoing cyberinfrastructure efforts in New York State, and Enabling Grids for E-sciencE (EGEE), which is co-funded by the European Commission and the world’s largest multidisciplinary grid infrastructure today. The second part of the book discusses recent grid service advances. The authors examine the UK National Grid Service (NGS), the concept of resource allocation in a grid environment, OMIIBPEL, and the possibility of treating scientific workflow issues using techniques from the data stream community. The book describes an SLA model, reviews portal and workflow technologies, presents an overview of PKIs and their limitations, and introduces PIndex, a peer-to-peer model for grid information services. New Projects and Initiatives The third section includes an analysis of innovative grid applications. Topics covered include the WISDOM initiative, incorporating flow-level networking models into grid simulators, system-level virtualization, grid usage in the high-energy physics environment in the LHC project, and the Service Oriented HLA RTI (SOHR) framework. With a comprehensive summary of past advances, this text is a window into the future of this nascent technology, forging a path for the next generation of cyberinfrastructure developers.

The World of Physics 2nd Edition
The World of Physics 2nd Edition

Author: John Avison

Publisher: Nelson Thornes

Published: 2014-11

Total Pages: 520

ISBN-13: 9780174387336

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A clear and easy to follow textbook including material on forces, machines, motion, properties of matter, electronics and energy, problem-solving investigations and practice in experimental design.