Modeling the Impact of Transportation on Public Health Using Fuzzy Logic
Modeling the Impact of Transportation on Public Health Using Fuzzy Logic

Author: Binay Adhikari

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 61

ISBN-13:

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Research has proved that built environment affect public health in various ways ranging from direct impacts like physical activity to indirect impacts such as housing affordability, employment accessibility, social capital etc. Built environment is shaped by plans and policies related to transportation. Such plans and policies make significant impacts on public health. There is increasing interest on the effects of transportation decisions in public health. Recently, transportation planners and public health practitioners have begun to find ways to work collaboratively in varieties of capacities. However, two significant aspects related to impacts of transportation on public health need to be addressed to incorporate health into transportation planning. First, impact of transportation on human health cannot be defined with certainty (Kjellstrom, Kerkhoff, Bammer, & McMichael, 2003). For example, the same level of exposure to pollution from vehicular emissions impact different age group differently. Second, physical, social, and mental well-being are subjective and inherently ambiguous which cannot be easily quantified (Massad, Ortega, Barros, & Struchiner, 2009). Goodchild (1999) mentions two distinct methods to handle the uncertainty; first is the use of statistical and probability theory, and second is the use of fuzzy sets or fuzzy logic. First approach requires a fairly sophisticated knowledge of statistical theory (Goodchild, 1999, p. 5). Furthermore, statistical method does not address the ambiguity in the subjective interpretation of health status since its foundation lies in Boolean logic (Massad, Ortega, Barros, & Struchiner, 2009). This study explores the application of fuzzy logic to address the limitation of Boolean logic in dealing with the ambiguity and uncertainty in assessing health impacts of transportation. First it develops a fuzzy logic GIS system on the platform of ArcGIS. It also demonstrates the application of such a decision support system in assessing the impact of transportation on public health. The findings of this study suggest that fuzzy logic addresses the limitation of Boolean logic by adding the capacity to model uncertainty, and ambiguity related to health impacts of transportation. However, fuzzy logic performs well if detailed data are used. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) prevents making individually identifiable health information public due to which most of the health data are aggregated to higher level which diminishes the performance of fuzzy logic. Additionally transportation planners use Traffic Analysis Zone as the unit of analysis which requires detailed data that might not comply with HIPAA requirements. Using health data at traffic analysis zone level can better enhance the performance of fuzzy logic and enhance current method used to assess the impact of transportation on public health. Keywords: - Public Health, Transportation Planning, Fuzzy Logic, Geographic Information Systems.

Transportation System and Its Association with Human Health
Transportation System and Its Association with Human Health

Author: Jun-Seok Oh

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 121

ISBN-13:

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Transportation systems constitute of infrastructure, commute modes, land use and other policies. The purpose of transportation is to provide easy access to goods and services. While attaining this purpose, impacts of transportation on human health and well-being have been ignored to some extent. Recently, studies have begun analyzing the impact of transportation systems on quality of life and health disparities. While many studies have discussed the impact of the transportation system on individual factors from health, a very limited number of studies have focused on the impact of multiple factors associated with multiple morbidity and mortality forms. The focus of this study is to analyze how transportation infrastructure can promote physical activities resulting in better health outcomes. Lack of data on transportation infrastructure at county-level in Michigan restricted the study. The Transportation and Health Tool developed by the US Department of Transportation was reviewed and applied to Michigan at a county-level to examine how different counties rank with respect to different transportation indicators corresponding to health conditions. Further, correlation analyses and multinomial linear regression analyses were conducted to determine relationships and impact magnitudes of transportation and socioeconomic factors on human health.

Spatial Decision Support Systems
Spatial Decision Support Systems

Author: Ramanathan Sugumaran

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2010-11-15

Total Pages: 510

ISBN-13: 1420062123

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Although interest in Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS) continues to grow rapidly in a wide range of disciplines, students, planners, managers, and the research community have lacked a book that covers the fundamentals of SDSS along with the advanced design concepts required for building SDSS. Filling this need, Spatial Decision Support System

Analyzing Impacts of Transportation and Non-transportation Activities on Human Health with an Advanced Platform for Collecting Travel and Physical Activity Data
Analyzing Impacts of Transportation and Non-transportation Activities on Human Health with an Advanced Platform for Collecting Travel and Physical Activity Data

Author: Raed Abdullah Hasan

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 168

ISBN-13:

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Recently much attention is paid to the lack of physical activities that may cause the health problems in many counties. Travel activities provide a certain amount of physical activities, and the active transportation, such as walking and cycling, becomes more important as an essential element of transportation. The active transportation is expected to contribute to improving human health by reducing cardiovascular disease, obesity, and premature death. However, detailed relationship between the transportation choices and human health has not been well understood. Therefore, there is a need for investigating traveler behaviors and how their choices affect physical activities and public health. The first part of the dissertation explores the role of societal cultures and their impact on choosing active transportation modes. Through a multinational survey conducted in the selected cities of the United States, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq, the sociocultural factors that influence transportation mode choices especially active transportation are identified. The second part of the study involves using a mobile application platform named Physical Activity through Smart Travel Activity (PASTA) to monitor the travel and physical activities of transportation users. The PASTA platform includes mobile data communication, big data analysis, activity classification, transportation mode detection, and physical activity quantification on different interfaces, such as smartphones, cloud databases, and computers. The platform provides data to compare physical activities attributable to transportation across different geographical areas. The PASTA platform is tested in Texas and Michigan and proves to be useful in apportioning the total physical activity into travel-related physical activities and non-travel related physical activities. A transportation mode detection (TMD) system is also developed to process the data collected from PASTA based on machine learning techniques. The third part of the dissertation employs the integrated transportation and health impact model (ITHIM) and enhances the concept of ITHIM by adding the quantitative data obtained from PASTA. Mechanisms for collecting data on physical activities (PA) related to or not related to transportation in previous studies relied on questionnaires and interviews of specific samples in the community. Instead, the PASTA platform provides an automated mechanism for gathering the daily activities of people, especially with regard to physical activities and travel behaviors. The study also introduces the physical activity minute (PAM), an indicator of changes in activity levels, which is an alternative to the metabolic equivalence of the task (METs), which is often a constant value for any type of physical activity. By coupling the data from PASTA, this research substantially reduces the limitations in the previous ITHIM and upgrades the model to conform to the current technological advances. The last part of the dissertation discusses the relationship between the levels of physical activity of individuals, their socio-economic features and body shapes using descriptive analysis and path analysis. Three sets of data are used in this study, such as the questionnaire, body shape tests, and physical activity levels associated with transportation. Socio-economic and body shape factors such as race, age, gender, state of residence, percent of body fat, are found to have significant direct and indirect effects on physical activity. The findings of this study help in incorporating human health into transportation planning by addressing health outcomes impacted by physical activities associated with transportation choices considering peoples socioeconomic and body composition profiles. This dissertation makes an effort to analyze and quantify participants actual physical activities by using recent wearable devices with sensing and GPS tracking technology. The dissertation addresses health outcomes impacted by physical activities associated with transportation options. The study provides information that can be used to enhance community awareness of the health benefits that resulted from different transportation mode choices. Overall, the findings of this study can be used to incorporate human health in transportation planning.

Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems
Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems

Author: Cengiz Kahraman

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-07-04

Total Pages: 1028

ISBN-13: 3031091736

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This book presents recent research in intelligent and fuzzy techniques on digital transformation and the new normal, the state to which economies, societies, etc. settle following a crisis bringing us to a new environment. Digital transformation and the new normal-appearing in many areas such as digital economy, digital finance, digital government, digital health, and digital education are the main scope of this book. The readers can benefit from this book for preparing for a digital “new normal” and maintaining a leadership position among competitors in both manufacturing and service companies. Digitizing an industrial company is a challenging process, which involves rethinking established structures, processes, and steering mechanisms presented in this book. The intended readers are intelligent and fuzzy systems researchers, lecturers, M.Sc., and Ph.D. students studying digital transformation and new normal. The book covers fuzzy logic theory and applications, heuristics, and metaheuristics from optimization to machine learning, from quality management to risk management, making the book an excellent source for researchers.

Development of a System for Assessing Passenger Traffic Based on Fuzzy Logic
Development of a System for Assessing Passenger Traffic Based on Fuzzy Logic

Author: Olha Pronina

Publisher:

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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A methodology has been developed for assessing public transport passenger traffic in the city. A mathematical model based on fuzzy logic is presented. The main criteria for assessing the attractiveness of passenger traffic are: the interval between vehicles, technical condition of the vehicle, route length, time of day. In the mathematical model, all input linguistic variables and output variable, their terms and membership functions are described. A fragment of a fuzzy knowledge base presented in the form of production rules is presented. At the exit, the dispatcher receives an output variable - the degree of confidence in the attractiveness of the route. Based on this assessment, the dispatcher can make a number of necessary changes to improve the functioning of the route. The software is implemented as a web service. This software will be convenient for dispatchers to use for planning public transport routes. Fifteen selected routes were taken for research, which are the most popular in the city. These routes were proposed for evaluation by three controllers. The results obtained from dispatchers were compared with the results of the fuzzy inference implemented in the software. The main advantage of using this software product is the ability to build a dynamic schedule based on the analysis of the dispatcher. This, in turn, will allow passengers to receive a better transportation service within the city.

Integrated Assessment for Health Effects of Sustainable Transportation Strategies
Integrated Assessment for Health Effects of Sustainable Transportation Strategies

Author: Yizheng Wu

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9780438628731

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This dissertation focuses on the integrated health impact assessment (HIA) of regional sustainable transportation strategies at a fine spatial scale, examining the spatial and demographic variations in public health changes. The sustainable transportation strategies, e.g. promotion of active travel (walking and bicycling), can improve public health through increases in physical activity at the population level. At the same time, changes in active travel impact the risk of traffic injury or increase exposure to air pollution. Therefore, it is critical to assess the comprehensive health impacts of transportation plans. This study enhances the existing HIA tools by providing spatial disaggregated estimates of the public health changes expected to result from plan implementation through three transportation-health exposure pathways: physical activity, traffic injury, and air quality. Integrating with a local activity-based model (ABM), the study applies the individual level trip information to report disaggregated results from physical activity and traffic injury based on a real-world implementation. The implementation is developed for the City of Sacramento, California under its 2016 Metropolitan Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (2016 MTP/SCS). Air quality is quantified by a project- level modeling framework, including the well-calibrated emission model MOVES and air dispersion model AERMOD. Human exposure levels to vehicular pollutants are estimated based on the resulting air pollution concentration and dynamic population activity pattern obtained from local ABM at a highly resolved spatial and temporal scale. This study presents the health equity analysis to report demographically explicit (i.e. race/ethnicity and household income) results from the implementation of 2016 MTP/SCS. This demographical disaggregation is helpful because travel behavior and health outcomes are affected by race/ethnicity and its correlates (e.g. residential location) and planning agencies are required to ensure that their policies and projects are nondiscriminatory. The results demonstrate that the fundamental insights of the application can be applied to different racial and ethnic groups, providing decision makers with the information needed to target interventions to achieve outcomes for disadvantaged populations.

Soft Computing: Theories and Applications
Soft Computing: Theories and Applications

Author: Millie Pant

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-11-23

Total Pages: 771

ISBN-13: 9811056994

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This book focuses on soft computing and its applications to solve real-life problems occurring in different domains ranging from medical and health care, supply chain management and image processing to cryptanalysis. It presents the proceedings of International Conference on Soft Computing: Theories and Applications (SoCTA 2016), offering significant insights into soft computing for teachers and researchers and inspiring more and more researchers to work in the field of soft computing. >The term soft computing represents an umbrella term for computational techniques like fuzzy logic, neural networks, and nature inspired algorithms. In the past few decades, there has been an exponential rise in the application of soft computing techniques for solving complex and intricate problems arising in different spheres of life. The versatility of these techniques has made them a favorite among scientists and researchers working in diverse areas. SoCTA is the first international conference being organized at Amity University Rajasthan (AUR), Jaipur. The objective of SoCTA 2016 is to provide a common platform to researchers, academicians, scientists, and industrialists working in the area of soft computing to share and exchange their views and ideas on the theory and application of soft computing techniques in multi-disciplinary areas. The aim of the conference is to bring together young and experienced researchers, academicians, scientists, and industrialists for the exchange of knowledge. SoCTA especially encourages the young researchers at the beginning of their career to participate in this conference and present their work on this platform.

Handbook of Research on Data-Driven Mathematical Modeling in Smart Cities
Handbook of Research on Data-Driven Mathematical Modeling in Smart Cities

Author: Pramanik, Sabyasachi

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2023-02-17

Total Pages: 499

ISBN-13: 1668464101

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A smart city utilizes ICT technologies to improve the working effectiveness, share various data with the citizens, and enhance political assistance and societal wellbeing. The fundamental needs of a smart and sustainable city are utilizing smart technology for enhancing municipal activities, expanding monetary development, and improving citizens’ standards of living. The Handbook of Research on Data-Driven Mathematical Modeling in Smart Cities discusses new mathematical models in smart and sustainable cities using big data, visualization tools in mathematical modeling, machine learning-based mathematical modeling, and more. It further delves into privacy and ethics in data analysis. Covering topics such as deep learning, optimization-based data science, and smart city automation, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for mathematicians, statisticians, computer scientists, civil engineers, government officials, students and educators of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.