Modeling Evolution of Heterogeneous Populations
Modeling Evolution of Heterogeneous Populations

Author: Irina Kareva

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2019-10-16

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 0128144327

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Modeling Evolution of Heterogeneous Populations: Theory and Applications describes, develops and provides applications of a method that allows incorporating population heterogeneity into systems of ordinary and discrete differential equations without significantly increasing system dimensionality. The method additionally allows making use of results of bifurcation analysis performed on simplified homogeneous systems, thereby building on the existing body of tools and knowledge and expanding applicability and predictive power of many mathematical models. - Introduces Hidden Keystone Variable (HKV) method, which allows modeling evolution of heterogenous populations, while reducing multi-dimensional selection systems to low-dimensional systems of differential equations - Demonstrates that replicator dynamics is governed by the principle of maximal relative entropy that can be derived from the dynamics of selection systems instead of being postulated - Discusses mechanisms behind models of both Darwinian and non-Darwinian selection - Provides examples of applications to various fields, including cancer growth, global demography, population extinction, tragedy of the commons and resource sustainability, among others - Helps inform differences in underlying mechanisms of population growth from experimental observations, taking one from experiment to theory and back

Modeling and Parameter Estimation for Heterogeneous Cell Populations
Modeling and Parameter Estimation for Heterogeneous Cell Populations

Author: Jan Hasenauer

Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 143

ISBN-13: 3832533982

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Most of the modeling performed in biology aims at achieving a quantitative description and understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways within a "typical cell". However, in many biologically important situations even genetically identical cell populations show a heterogeneous response. This means that individual members of the cell population behave differently. Such situations require the study of cell-to-cell variability and the development of models for heterogeneous cell populations. The main contribution of this thesis is the development of unifying modeling frameworks for signal transduction and proliferation processes in heterogeneous cell populations. These modeling frameworks allow for the detailed description of individual cells as well as differences between them. In contrast to many existing modeling approaches, the proposed frameworks allow for a direct comparison of model predictions with available data. Beyond this, the proposed population models can be simulated efficiently and, by exploiting the model structures, we are able to develop model-tailored Bayesian parameter estimation methods. These methods enable the calculation of the optimal parameter estimates, as well as the evaluation of the parameter and prediction uncertainties. The proposed tools allow for novel insights in population dynamics, in particular the model-based characterization of population heterogeneity and cellular subgroups. This is illustrated for two different application examples: pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling, which is interesting in the context of cancer therapy, and immune cell proliferation.

Environmental Stress, Adaptation and Evolution
Environmental Stress, Adaptation and Evolution

Author: K. Bijlsma

Publisher: Birkhäuser

Published: 2013-03-08

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13: 3034888821

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Most organisms and populations have to cope with hostile environments, threatening their existence. Their ability to respond phenotypically and genetically to these challenges and to evolve adaptive mechanisms is, therefore, crucial. The contributions to this book aim at understanding, from a evolutionary perspective, the impact of stress on biological systems. Scientists, applying different approaches spanning from the molecular and the protein level to individuals, populations and ecosystems, explore how organisms adapt to extreme environments, how stress changes genetic structure and affects life histories, how organisms cope with thermal stress through acclimation, and how environmental and genetic stress induce fluctuating asymmetry, shape selection pressure and cause extinction of populations. Finally, it discusses the role of stress in evolutionary change, from stress induced mutations and selection to speciation and evolution at the geological time scale. The book contains reviews and novel scientific results on the subject. It will be of interest to both researchers and graduate students and may serve as a text for graduate courses.

Modeling Evolution
Modeling Evolution

Author: Derek A. Roff

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 464

ISBN-13: 0199571147

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Computer modeling is now an integral part of research in evolutionary biology. This book outlines how evolutionary questions are formulated and how, in practice, they can be resolved by analytical and numerical methods.

Population Genetics and Microevolutionary Theory
Population Genetics and Microevolutionary Theory

Author: Alan R. Templeton

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2006-09-29

Total Pages: 720

ISBN-13: 0470047216

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The advances made possible by the development of molecular techniques have in recent years revolutionized quantitative genetics and its relevance for population genetics. Population Genetics and Microevolutionary Theory takes a modern approach to population genetics, incorporating modern molecular biology, species-level evolutionary biology, and a thorough acknowledgment of quantitative genetics as the theoretical basis for population genetics. Logically organized into three main sections on population structure and history, genotype-phenotype interactions, and selection/adaptation Extensive use of real examples to illustrate concepts Written in a clear and accessible manner and devoid of complex mathematical equations Includes the author's introduction to background material as well as a conclusion for a handy overview of the field and its modern applications Each chapter ends with a set of review questions and answers Offers helpful general references and Internet links

Computational Modeling of Infectious Disease
Computational Modeling of Infectious Disease

Author: Chris von Csefalvay

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2023-02-14

Total Pages: 478

ISBN-13: 0323958370

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Computational Modeling of Infectious Disease: With Applications in Python provides an illustrated compendium of tools and tactics for analyzing infectious diseases using cutting-edge computational methods. From simple S(E)IR models, and through time series analysis and geospatial models, this book is both a guided tour through the computational analysis of infectious diseases and a quick-reference manual. Chapters are accompanied by extensive practical examples in Python, illustrating applications from start to finish. This book is designed for researchers and practicing infectious disease forecasters, modelers, data scientists, and those who wish to learn more about analysis of infectious disease processes in the real world. Connects computational infectious disease analysis to state-of-the-art data science Conveys ideas on epidemiology and infectious disease modeling in a clear, accessible way Provides code examples to elucidate best practices

Computational Modeling of Biological Systems
Computational Modeling of Biological Systems

Author: Nikolay V Dokholyan

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-02-10

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 1461421462

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Computational modeling is emerging as a powerful new approach to study and manipulate biological systems. Multiple methods have been developed to model, visualize, and rationally alter systems at various length scales, starting from molecular modeling and design at atomic resolution to cellular pathways modeling and analysis. Higher time and length scale processes, such as molecular evolution, have also greatly benefited from new breeds of computational approaches. This book provides an overview of the established computational methods used for modeling biologically and medically relevant systems.

Mathematical Ecology
Mathematical Ecology

Author: Thomas G. Hallam

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 455

ISBN-13: 3642698883

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There isprobably no more appropriate location to hold a course on mathematical ecology than Italy, the countryofVito Volterra, a founding father ofthe subject. The Trieste 1982Autumn Course on Mathematical Ecology consisted of four weeksofvery concentrated scholasticism and aestheticism. The first weeks were devoted to fundamentals and principles ofmathematicalecology. A nucleusofthe material from the lectures presented during this period constitutes this book. The final week and a half of the Course was apportioned to the Trieste Research Conference on Mathematical Ecology whose proceedings have been published as Volume 54, Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, Springer-Verlag. The objectivesofthe first portionofthe course wereambitious and, probably, unattainable. Basic principles of the areas of physiological, population, com munitY, and ecosystem ecology that have solid ecological and mathematical foundations were to be presented. Classical terminology was to be introduced, important fundamental topics were to be developed, some past and some current problems of interest were to be presented, and directions for possible research were to be provided. Due to time constraints, the coverage could not be encyclopedic;many areas covered already have merited treatises of book length. Consequently, preliminary foundation material was covered in some detail, but subject overviewsand area syntheseswerepresented when research frontiers were being discussed. These lecture notes reflect this course philosophy.

Integrated Population Models
Integrated Population Models

Author: Michael Schaub

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2021-11-12

Total Pages: 640

ISBN-13: 0128209151

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Integrated Population Models: Theory and Ecological Applications with R and JAGS is the first book on integrated population models, which constitute a powerful framework for combining multiple data sets from the population and the individual levels to estimate demographic parameters, and population size and trends. These models identify drivers of population dynamics and forecast the composition and trajectory of a population. Written by two population ecologists with expertise on integrated population modeling, this book provides a comprehensive synthesis of the relevant theory of integrated population models with an extensive overview of practical applications, using Bayesian methods by means of case studies. The book contains fully-documented, complete code for fitting all models in the free software, R and JAGS. It also includes all required code for pre- and post-model-fitting analysis. Integrated Population Models is an invaluable reference for researchers and practitioners involved in population analysis, and for graduate-level students in ecology, conservation biology, wildlife management, and related fields. The text is ideal for self-study and advanced graduate-level courses. - Offers practical and accessible ecological applications of IPMs (integrated population models) - Provides full documentation of analyzed code in the Bayesian framework - Written and structured for an easy approach to the subject, especially for non-statisticians

Handbook of the Neuroscience of Language
Handbook of the Neuroscience of Language

Author: Brigitte Stemmer

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2008-04-29

Total Pages: 505

ISBN-13: 0080564917

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In the last ten years the neuroscience of language has matured as a field. Ten years ago, neuroimaging was just being explored for neurolinguistic questions, whereas today it constitutes a routine component. At the same time there have been significant developments in linguistic and psychological theory that speak to the neuroscience of language. This book consolidates those advances into a single reference. The Handbook of the Neuroscience of Language provides a comprehensive overview of this field. Divided into five sections, section one discusses methods and techniques including clinical assessment approaches, methods of mapping the human brain, and a theoretical framework for interpreting the multiple levels of neural organization that contribute to language comprehension. Section two discusses the impact imaging techniques (PET, fMRI, ERPs, electrical stimulation of language cortex, TMS) have made to language research. Section three discusses experimental approaches to the field, including disorders at different language levels in reading as well as writing and number processing. Additionally, chapters here present computational models, discuss the role of mirror systems for language, and cover brain lateralization with respect to language. Part four focuses on language in special populations, in various disease processes, and in developmental disorders. The book ends with a listing of resources in the neuroscience of language and a glossary of items and concepts to help the novice become acquainted with the field. Editors Stemmer & Whitaker prepared this book to reflect recent developments in neurolinguistics, moving the book squarely into the cognitive neuroscience of language and capturing the developments in the field over the past 7 years. - History section focuses on topics that play a current role in neurolinguistics research, aphasia syndromes, and lesion analysis - Includes section on neuroimaging to reflect the dramatic changes in methodology over the past decade - Experimental and clinical section reflects recent developments in the field