Testing is the primary hardware and software verification technique used by industry today. Usually, it is ad hoc, error prone, and very expensive. In recent years, however, many attempts have been made to develop more sophisticated formal testing methods. This coherent book provides an in-depth assessment of this emerging field, focusing on formal testing of reactive systems. This book is based on a seminar held in Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in January 2004. It presents 19 carefully reviewed and revised lectures given at the seminar in a well-balanced way ensuring competent complementary coverage of all relevant aspects. An appendix provides a glossary for model-based testing and basics on finite state machines and on labelled transition systems. The lectures are presented in topical sections on testing of finite state machines, testing of labelled transition systems, model-based test case generation, tools and case studies, standardized test notation and execution architectures, and beyond testing.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed and peer-reviewed outcome of the Formal Methods and Testing (FORTEST) network - formed as a network established under UK EPSRC funding that investigated the relationships between formal (and semi-formal) methods and software testing - now being a subject group of two BCS Special Interest Groups: Formal Aspects of Computing Science (BCS FACS) and Special Interest Group in Software Testing (BCS SIGIST). Each of the 12 chapters in this book describes a way in which the study of formal methods and software testing can be combined in a manner that brings the benefits of formal methods (e.g., precision, clarity, provability) with the advantages of testing (e.g., scalability, generality, applicability).
What the experts have to say about Model-Based Testing for Embedded Systems: "This book is exactly what is needed at the exact right time in this fast-growing area. From its beginnings over 10 years ago of deriving tests from UML statecharts, model-based testing has matured into a topic with both breadth and depth. Testing embedded systems is a natural application of MBT, and this book hits the nail exactly on the head. Numerous topics are presented clearly, thoroughly, and concisely in this cutting-edge book. The authors are world-class leading experts in this area and teach us well-used and validated techniques, along with new ideas for solving hard problems. "It is rare that a book can take recent research advances and present them in a form ready for practical use, but this book accomplishes that and more. I am anxious to recommend this in my consulting and to teach a new class to my students." —Dr. Jeff Offutt, professor of software engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA "This handbook is the best resource I am aware of on the automated testing of embedded systems. It is thorough, comprehensive, and authoritative. It covers all important technical and scientific aspects but also provides highly interesting insights into the state of practice of model-based testing for embedded systems." —Dr. Lionel C. Briand, IEEE Fellow, Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway, and professor at the University of Oslo, Norway "As model-based testing is entering the mainstream, such a comprehensive and intelligible book is a must-read for anyone looking for more information about improved testing methods for embedded systems. Illustrated with numerous aspects of these techniques from many contributors, it gives a clear picture of what the state of the art is today." —Dr. Bruno Legeard, CTO of Smartesting, professor of Software Engineering at the University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France, and co-author of Practical Model-Based Testing
Thetopicof“Model-BasedEngineeringofReal-TimeEmbeddedSystems”brings together a challenging problem domain (real-time embedded systems) and a - lution domain (model-based engineering). It is also at the forefrontof integrated software and systems engineering, as software in this problem domain is an essential tool for system implementation and integration. Today, real-time - bedded software plays a crucial role in most advanced technical systems such as airplanes, mobile phones, and cars, and has become the main driver and - cilitator for innovation. Development, evolution, veri?cation, con?guration, and maintenance of embedded and distributed software nowadays are often serious challenges as drastic increases in complexity can be observed in practice. Model-based engineering in general, and model-based software development in particular, advocates the notion of using models throughout the development and life-cycle of an engineered system. Model-based software engineering re- forces this notion by promoting models not only as the tool of abstraction, but also as the tool for veri?cation, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The application of such model-based engineering techniques to embedded real-time systems appears to be a good candidate to tackle some of the problems arising in the problem domain.
Practical Model-Based Testing gives a practical introduction to model-based testing, showing how to write models for testing purposes and how to use model-based testing tools to generate test suites. It is aimed at testers and software developers who wish to use model-based testing, rather than at tool-developers or academics. The book focuses on the mainstream practice of functional black-box testing and covers different styles of models, especially transition-based models (UML state machines) and pre/post models (UML/OCL specifications and B notation). The steps of applying model-based testing are demonstrated on examples and case studies from a variety of software domains, including embedded software and information systems. From this book you will learn: - The basic principles and terminology of model-based testing - How model-based testing differs from other testing processes - How model-based testing fits into typical software lifecycles such as agile methods and the Unified Process - The benefits and limitations of model-based testing, its cost effectiveness and how it can reduce time-to-market - A step-by-step process for applying model-based testing - How to write good models for model-based testing - How to use a variety of test selection criteria to control the tests that are generated from your models - How model-based testing can connect to existing automated test execution platforms such as Mercury Test Director, Java JUnit, and proprietary test execution environments - Presents the basic principles and terminology of model-based testing - Shows how model-based testing fits into the software lifecycle, its cost-effectiveness, and how it can reduce time to market - Offers guidance on how to use different kinds of modeling techniques, useful test generation strategies, how to apply model-based testing techniques to real applications using case studies
From Model-Driven Design to Resource Management for Distributed Embedded Systems presents 16 original contributions and 12 invited papers presented at the Working Conference on Distributed and Parallel Embedded Systems - DIPES 2006, sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing - IFIP. Coverage includes model-driven design, testing and evolution of embedded systems, timing analysis and predictability, scheduling, allocation, communication and resource management in distributed real-time systems.
"This book provides innovative behavior models currently used for developing embedded systems, accentuating on graphical and visual notations"--Provided by publisher.
Die Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen (HMIs) von Infotainmentsystemen der heutigen Premiumfahrzeuge sind sehr komplexe und eingebettete Systeme. Sie haben im Vergleich mit herkömmlichen PC-Applikationen besondere Eigenschaften, insbesondere bezogen auf ihre Variabilität. Die Variabilität von Infotainmentsystem HMIs ergibt sich aus unterschiedlichen Fahrzeugmodellen, Produktserien, Märkten, Ausstattungen, System- sowie Sprachvarianten. Die hohe Anzahl der Varianten führt zu enorm hohem Testaufwand. Modellbasiertes Testen ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz, um den Testaufwand durch die automatische Testfallgenerierung und Testausführung zu reduzieren und gleichzeitig die Testabdeckung zu erhöhen. Während modellbasiertes Testen bereits für Funktionstests häufig eingesetzt wird, bleiben HMI Tests meist noch manuell oder teil-automatisiert. Außerdem kann durch manuelles Testen eine systematische Testabdeckung nur sehr schwierig erreicht werden. Zahlreiche Forschungsarbeiten befassen sich mit dem GUI-Testen. Variabilität ist im Bereich der Software-Produktentwicklung ein immer beliebteres Forschungsthema. Ein modellbasierter Testansatz für komplexe HMIs mit Berücksichtigung der Variabilität ist allerdings immer noch nicht vorhanden. Diese Doktorarbeit präsentiert eine modellbasierte Testmethode für Infotainmentsystem HMIs mit dem besonderen Ziel das Variabilitätsproblem zu lösen. Zusätzlich bietet diese Doktorarbeit eine Basis für zukünftiges HMI-Testen in der Industrie an. Der Ansatz in dieser Doktorarbeit basiert auf einem modellbasiertem HMI-Testframework, das zwei essentielle Komponenten beinhaltet: eine Test-orientierte Spezifikation und eine Komponente zur Testgenerierung. Die Test-orientierte Spezifikation hat eine geschichtete Struktur und ist darauf ausgerichtet, die fürs Testen relevanten Daten zu spezifizieren. Sowohl dynamisches Menüverhalten als auch die Darstellung des HMI sind die Testziele. Die Testgenerierung erzeugt automatisch Tests aus der Test-orientierten HMI Spezifikation. Das Testframework kann um eine automatische Testausführung erweitert werden. Nachdem die generierten Tests instanziiert werden, ist es möglich, sie automatisch innerhalb eines Testautomatisierungsframeworks durchzuführen. Diese Doktorarbeit befasst sich mit Methoden, um die HMI-Varianten effizient zu spezifizieren und zu testen und basiert auf Ansatz für Software Produktlinien. Das bedeutet, die Test-orientierte Spezifikation ist erweitert um sowohl die Gemeinsamkeiten als auch die Spezialitäten der Varianten zu beschreiben. Insbesondere werden Strategien entwickelt, um Tests für unterschiedliche Varianten der Produktlinien automatisch zu generieren. Die Besonderheit dabei ist, dass Redundanzen sowohl für den Generierungsvorgang als auch den Ausführungsvorgang vermieden werden können. Das ist wegen den eingeschränkten Ressourcen und aus Effizienzsgründen besonders wichtig für die Industrie. Die Modellierung und das Testen von variantenreichen HMIs stellen die Hauptbeiträge dieser Dissertation dar. Die Ergebnisse dieser Doktorarbeit können hoffentlich als eine Lösung für modellbasiertes Testen der multi-varianten HMIs dienen und der Automotive-Industrie eine Basis der zukünftigen HMI Testenstandards liefern. The human-machine interfaces (HMIs) of today’s premium automotive infotainment systems are complex embedded systems which have special characteristics in comparison to GUIs of standard PC applications, in particular regarding their variability. The variability of infotainment system HMIs results from different car models, product series, markets, equipment configuration possibilities, system types and languages and necessitates enormous testing efforts. The model-based testing approach is a promising solution for reducing testing efforts and increasing test coverage. However, while model-based testing has been widely used for function tests of subsystems in practice, HMI tests have remained manual or only semi-automated and are very time-consuming and work-intensive. Also, it is very difficult to achieve systematic or high test coverage via manual tests. A large amount of research work has addressed GUI testing in recent years. In addition, variability is becoming an ever more popular topic in the domain of software product line development. However, a model-based testing approach for complex HMIs which also considers variability is still lacking. This thesis presents a modelbased testing approach for infotainment system HMIs with the particular aim of resolving the variability problem. Furthermore, the thesis provides a foundation for future standards of HMI testing in practice. The proposed approach is based on a model-based HMI testing framework which includes two essential components: a test-oriented HMI specification and a test generation component. The test-oriented HMI specification has a layered structure and is suited to specifying data which is required for testing different features of the HMI. Both the dynamic behavior and the representation of the HMI are the testing focuses of this thesis. The test generation component automatically generates tests from the test-oriented HMI specification. Furthermore, the framework can be extended in order to automatically execute the generated tests. Generated tests must first be initialized, which means that they are enhanced with concrete user input data. Afterwards, initialized tests can be automatically executed with the help of a test execution tool which must be extended into the testing framework. In this thesis, it is proposed to specify and test different HMI-variants which have a large set of commonalities based on the software product line approach. This means the test-oriented HMI specification is extended in order to describe the commonalities and variabilities between HMI variants of an HMI product line. In particular, strategies are developed in order to generate tests for different HMI products. One special feature is that redundancies are avoided both for the test generation and the execution processes. This is especially important for the industrial practice due to limited test resources. Modeling and testing variability of automotive HMIs make up the main research contributions of this thesis. We hope that the results presented in this thesis will offer GUI testing research a solution for model-based testing of multi-variant HMIs and provide the automotive industry with a foundation for future HMI testing standards.
Adoption and Optimization of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems presents innovative research on the integration of embedded systems, real-time systems and the developments towards multimedia technology. This book is essential for researchers, practitioners, scientists, and IT professionals interested in expanding their knowledge of this interdisciplinary field.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 15th International SDL Forum, SDL 2011, held in Toulouse, France, in July 2011. The 16 revised full papers presented together were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers cover a wide range of topics such as SDL and related languages; testing; and services and components to a wide range presentations of domain specific languages and applications, going from use maps to train station models or user interfaces for scientific dataset editors for high performance computing.
