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Author: Anne Maasland
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 1990
Total Pages: 42
ISBN-13: 6092921375
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThere are a variety of approaches, and country issues and data availability will determine the most practical approach.
Author: Mr.Marshall B Reinsdorf
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 2020-05-18
Total Pages: 49
ISBN-13: 1513544586
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCalls for a more people-focused approach to statistics on economic performance, and concerns about inequality, environmental impacts, and effects of digitalization have put welfare at the top of the measurement agenda. This paper argues that economic welfare is a narrower concept than well-being. The new focus implies a need to prioritize filling data gaps involving the economic welfare indicators of the System of National Accounts 2008 (SNA) and improving their quality, including the quality of the consumption price indexes. Development of distributional indicators of income, consumption, and wealth should also be a priority. Definitions and assumptions can have big effects on these indicators and should be documented. Concerns have also arisen over potentially overlooked welfare growth from the emergence of the digital economy. However, the concern that free online platforms are missing from nominal GDP is incorrect. Also, many of the welfare effects of digitalization require complementary indicators, either because they are conceptually outside the boundary of GDP or impossible to quantify without making uncertain assumptions.
Author: Nanak Kakwani
Publisher: New York : Published for the World Bank [by] Oxford University Press
Published: 1980
Total Pages: 436
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDeals with income distribution methods and their economic applications.
Author: Ben E. Aigbokhan
Publisher:
Published: 1998
Total Pages: 36
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Mr.Sanjeev Gupta
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 1998-05-01
Total Pages: 42
ISBN-13: 1451849842
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis paper demonstrates that high and rising corruption increases income inequality and poverty by reducing economic growth, the progressivity of the tax system, the level and effectiveness of social spending, and the formation of human capital, and by perpetuating an unequal distribution of asset ownership and unequal access to education. These findings hold for countries with different growth experiences, at different stages of development, and using various indices of corruption. An important implication of these results is that policies that reduce corruption will also lower income inequality and poverty.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 2015-04-20
Total Pages: 257
ISBN-13: 1498344658
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 1995-05-26
Total Pages: 522
ISBN-13: 0309051282
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEach year's poverty figures are anxiously awaited by policymakers, analysts, and the media. Yet questions are increasing about the 30-year-old measure as social and economic conditions change. In Measuring Poverty a distinguished panel provides policymakers with an up-to-date evaluation of: Concepts and procedures for deriving the poverty threshold, including adjustments for different family circumstances. Definitions of family resources. Procedures for annual updates of poverty measures. The volume explores specific issues underlying the poverty measure, analyzes the likely effects of any changes on poverty rates, and discusses the impact on eligibility for public benefits. In supporting its recommendations the panel provides insightful recognition of the political and social dimensions of this key economic indicator. Measuring Poverty will be important to government officials, policy analysts, statisticians, economists, researchers, and others involved in virtually all poverty and social welfare issues.
Author: Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 2018-06-05
Total Pages: 31
ISBN-13: 1484357531
DOWNLOAD EBOOKChina has experienced rapid economic growth over the past two decades and is on the brink of eradicating poverty. However, income inequality increased sharply from the early 1980s and rendered China among the most unequal countries in the world. This trend has started to reverse as China has experienced a modest decline in inequality since 2008. This paper identifies various drivers behind these trends – including structural changes such as urbanization and aging and, more recently, policy initiatives to combat it. It finds that policies will need to play an important role in curbing inequality in the future, as projected structural trends will put further strain on equity considerations. In particular, fiscal policy reforms have the potential to enhance inclusiveness and equity, both on the tax and expenditure side.
Author: Osvaldo Larrañaga
Publisher:
Published: 1993
Total Pages: 54
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Refik Erzan
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 1990
Total Pages: 51
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKTwo approaches took the lead in the negotiations to dismantle the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA): (1) a phaseout within the framework of the MFA, proposed by developing countries, the EC, Japan, and the Nordic countries, and (2) a new transitional structure relying on global quotas with country allotments for current quota holders, suggested by the United States and Canada.
