The need for a vaccine against HIV is obvious, but the development of an effective vaccine has met with frustrations. The HIV envelope glycoproteins, residing in the viral membrane, are the sole viral proteins exposed on the outside of virus particles and.
Tabulation and analysis of amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of precursors, v-regions, c-regions, j-chain, T-cell receptors for antigen, T-cell surface antigens, l-microglobulins, major histocompatibility antigens, thy-1, complement, c-reactive protein, thymopoietin, integrins, post-gamma globulin, -macroglobulins, and other related proteins.
Derek T. O'Hagan and a team of expert vaccinologists and pharmacologists thoroughly describe the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of a wide range of alternative vaccine adjuvants for use in preclinical studies. Each chapter carefully reviews a single adjuvant, and suggests why a specific adjuvant might be preferred for a given antigen, depending on what type of immune response is desired. Alternate adjuvant choices are also presented so that researchers can choose those most efficacious for their specific purpose. Comprehensive and highly practical, Vaccine Adjuvants: Preparation Methods and Research Protocols provides an effective guide to making and using vaccine adjuvants. By closely following directions from the book, today's researchers will be able optimally to induce specific immune responses against different types of antigens and to selectively manipulate the immune response in a favorable way.
A broad overview of recent progress in membrane fusion research, treating the subject from the fields of biophysics, biochemistry, cell biology, virology, and biotechnology. Featuring sections on the general properties of membranes and applications of membrane fusion techniques, this sourcebook outl
During the last 5 years, major advances have been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and in the development of new potent antiviral agents. With regard to HIV pathogenesis, several recent observations have not only changed our perspectives of HIV disease, but have been critical for the design of therapeutic strategies.
The technique of microinjection along with viral genetics and molecular biology has proven useful in the correlation of retroviral polynucleotide structure with function. The advantage of this technique is the involvement of living cells where rare activities may be observed and where properties of living cells can be assayed. Future studies involving recombinant DNA molecules and the asso ciation of proteins with nucleic acids promise to yield additional insight into the nucleotide sequences involved in the expression of viral activities. References Anderson SM, Chen JH (1981) In vitro translation of avian myeloblastosis virus RNA. J Virol 40: 107-117 Berget SM, Moore C, Sharp PA (1977) Spliced segments of the 5' terminus of adenovirus 2 late mRNA. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 74:3171-3175 Bishop JM (1978) Retroviruses. Annu Rev Biochem 47:35-88 Capecchi MR (1980) High efficiency transformation by direct microinjection of DNA into cultured mammalian cells. Cell 22:479-488 Chien, Y-H, Junghans RP, Davidson W (1980) Electron microscopic analysis of the structure of RNA tumor virus nucleic acids. In: Stephenson JR (ed) Molecular biology of RNA tumor viruses.
The "contraceptive revolution" of the 1960s and 1970s introduced totally new contraceptive options and launched an era of research and product development. Yet by the late 1980s, conditions had changed and improvements in contraceptive products, while very important in relation to improved oral contraceptives, IUDs, implants, and injectables, had become primarily incremental. Is it time for a second contraceptive revolution and how might it happen? Contraceptive Research and Development explores the frontiers of science where the contraceptives of the future are likely to be found and lays out criteria for deciding where to make the next R&D investments. The book comprehensively examines today's contraceptive needs, identifies "niches" in those needs that seem most readily translatable into market terms, and scrutinizes issues that shape the market: method side effects and contraceptive failure, the challenge of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, and the implications of the "women's agenda." Contraceptive Research and Development analyzes the response of the pharmaceutical industry to current dynamics in regulation, liability, public opinion, and the economics of the health sector and offers an integrated set of recommendations for public- and private-sector action to meet a whole new generation of demand.
This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Current Topics in Membranes is targeted toward scientists and researchers in biochemistry and molecular and cellular biology, providing the necessary membrane research to assist them in discovering the current state of a particular field and in learning where that field is heading. This volume offers an up to date presentation of current knowledge in the field of Lipid Domains. - Written by leading experts - Contains original material, both textual and illustrative, that should become a very relevant reference material - The material is presented in a very comprehensive manner - Both researchers in the field and general readers should find relevant and up-to-date information