A state-of-the-art reference, Metal Nanoparticles offers the latest research on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanoparticles. Following an introduction of structural, optical, electronic, and electrochemical properties of nanoparticles, the book elaborates on nanoclusters, hyper-Raleigh scattering, nanoarrays, and several applications including single electron devices, chemical sensors, biomolecule sensors, and DNA detection. The text emphasizes how size, shape, and surface chemistry affect particle performance throughout. Topics include synthesis and formation of nanoclusters, nanosphere lithography, modeling of nanoparticle optical properties, and biomolecule sensors.
This book covers the continually expanding field of metal nanoparticles and clusters, in particular their size-dependent properties and quantum phenomena. The approaches to the organization of atoms that form clusters and nanoparticles have been advancing rapidly in recent times. These advancements are described through a combination of experimental and computational approaches and are covered in detail by the authors. Recent highlights of the various emerging properties and applications ranging from plasmonics to catalysis are showcased.
This groundbreaking book uniquely focuses on the exploration of the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their characterization and applications. Metal nanoparticles are the basic elements of nanotechnology as they are the primary source used in the design of nanostructured devices and materials. Nanomaterials can be manufactured either incidentally, with physical or chemical methods, or naturally; and the high demand for them has led to their large-scale production by various toxic solvents or high energy techniques. However, due to the growing awareness of environmental and safety issues, the use of clean, nontoxic and environment-friendly ways to synthesize metal nanoparticles has emerged out of necessity. The use of biological resources, such as microbes, plant parts, vegetable wastes, agricultural wastes, gums, etc., has grown to become an alternative way of synthesizing metal nanoparticles. This biogenic synthesis is green, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and nontoxic. The current multi-authored book includes recent information and builds a database of bioreducing agents for various metal nanoparticles using different precursor systems. Green Metal Nanoparticles also highlights different simple, cost-effective, environment-friendly and easily scalable strategies, and includes parameters for controlling the size and shape of the materials developed from the various greener methods.
Following an introduction to biogenic metal nanoparticles, this book presents how they can be biosynthesized using bacteria, fungi and yeast, as well as their potential applications in biomedicine. It is shown that the synthesis of nanoparticles using microbes is eco-friendly and results in reproducible metal nanoparticles of well-defined sizes, shapes and structures. This biotechnological approach based on the process of biomineralization exploits the effectiveness and flexibility of biological systems. Chapters include practical protocols for microbial synthesis of nanoparticles and microbial screening methods for isolating a specific nanoparticle producer as well as reviews on process optimization, industrial scale production, biomolecule-nanoparticle interactions, magnetosomes, silver nanoparticles and their numerous applications in medicine, and the application of gold nanoparticles in developing sensitive biosensors.
A much-needed summary of the importance, synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles in pharmaceutical sciences, with a focus on gold, silver, copper and platinum nanoparticles. After a brief introduction to the history of metal complexes in medicine and fundamentals of nanotechnology, the chapters continue to describe different methods for preparation of metal nanoparticles. This section is followed by representative presentations of current biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, chemotherapy, and diagnostic imaging. Aimed at stimulating further research in this field, the book serves as an reference guide for academics and professionals working in the field of chemistry and nanotechnology.
Metal nanoparticles that have already found numerous applications in science and technology may be obtained in different ways. In the opening study included in Metal Nanoparticles: Properties, Synthesis and Applications, several factors affecting metal nanoparticle morphology in island films are determined. The formation of islet metal films during their deposition in the process of thermal evaporation on a dielectric substrate and their spontaneous changes at room temperature are also described.Following this, the authors present their experimental results on synthesis, modification and destruction of silver nanoparticles in the bulk and surface of silicate glasses. Special attention is paid to the effects of laser and electron-beam irradiation on the above-mentioned processes.The authors go on to review the synthesis of embedded noble metal nanoparticles and their optical properties and potential applications in surface enhanced Raman scattering. The optical properties of NMNPs due to the localized surface plasmon resonance and the enhanced local electromagnetic field which govern their SERS activity will be discussed along with their fundamental mechanisms.The effects of zinc, titanium, copper and oxide thin films with nanostructured surfaces and iron oxide and silver nanoparticles on Enterococcus hirae and Escherichia coli growth and membrane activity are also presented and discussed. The authors suggest that different types of metal nanoparticles could be applied in medicine due to their antimicrobial activity, effeciency in anti-inflammatory effects and potential in anticancer therapy.Next, the development of platinum-metal nanoparticles and their core-shell structures is discussed. The authors analyze in detail the polymeric composite of the metal nanoparticles on the surface of different carbon support materials (e.g. carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon-nanospheres, mesoporous carbon, and carbon nanofibers), showing the synergetic effects on the active surface area of platinum metal catalysts.In one review, the past decade's data regarding the effects of nanoparticles of noble metals on higher plants are considered, as well as possible nanoparticle phytotoxicity. The review discusses the various effects that gold and silver nanoparticles can have on the state, growth, and productivity of plants. Published evidence, although incomplete and contradictory, indicates that metal nanoparticles can have both positive and negative effects on plants.Lastly, glassy carbon electrodes modified with polyphenazine conducting polymers and metallic nanoparticles were used to study the interaction between H2O2 and ascorbic acid. The antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid measured from this interaction agreed with that reported using non-electrochemical techniques.
This book presents an overview of nanostructure determination and ways to find relationships to the electronic and optical properties. The methods described can be applied to a large number of other granular metal-insulator systems and used as a guideline for characterisation and modelling. In addition, the book describes the manufacture of artificially structured nanomaterials using laser or electron-beam irradiation.
Metal Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Diagnostic Applications addresses the lifecycle of metal nanoparticles, from synthesis and characterization, to applications in drug delivery and targeting. It is an important resource for those in biomaterials, nanomedicine and pharmaceutical sciences, exploring gold, silver and iron-based drug delivery systems for controlled and targeted delivery of potential drugs and genes for enhanced clinical efficacy. Nanotechnology is widely used in drug delivery due to its ability to reduce plasma fluctuation of drugs, high solubility, and efficiency, the relatively low cost of nanoscale products, and enhancement of patient comfort, hence this resource is a welcome edition to the science.
The field of nanoscience has undergone tremendous growth in the past decade as the number of applications of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials have proliferated. Metal nanoparticles have attracted particular interest due to their potential for applications in areas as diverse as catalysis, medicine and opto-electronics. The chemical and physical properties of metal nanoparticles can vary smoothly or discontinuously with nanoparticle size, depending on the size regime and the property. In the case of bi- or multimetallic nanoparticles ("nanoalloys"), these properties also depend on the elemental composition and the chemical ordering - how the metals are distributed in the nanoparticles.It is this tunability of behavior that makes metal nanoparticles and nanoalloys so versatile and appealing. This book begins with a tutorial introducing the theoretical ideas and models that have been developed to understand metal nanoparticles. It gives an overview of experimental methods for generating and characterizing metal nanoparticles and nanoalloys and of their properties and applications, providing an introduction to material covered in more depth in subsequent chapters. A major theme of all the chapters is the effect of nanoparticle size, shape and surface chemistry on their properties - especially optical and catalytic properties. A unified discussion of the inter-relations between modelling, synthesis and physical properties of nanoparticles and nanoalloys A discussion of the most promising new catalytic and photocatalytic applications of nanoparticles and the approaches used to achieve these goals A tutorial introduction which provides a basis for understanding the subsequent specialized chapters
This book introduces the reader the chemistry of reaction approaches by which noble metal nanoparticles are synthesized, including synthetic approaches using the Brust–Schiffrin method , a high-temperature solution-phase synthesis, polymer and biological entities, weak and strong reducing and capping agents, the low and high temperatures, various additives and various novel approaches such as plasma, ionic liquids, UV light and gamma rays and others. This book starts with a brief overview of foundation work concerned with the chapter topics such as nanomaterials, nanoscience, surface-capping molecules, traditional and nontraditional reduction agents, In addition, chemical and physical properties of noble metal nanoparticles with different structures and elements such as monolayered clusters, nanorods, and bimetallic nanoparticles are described comprehensively. The aim is to summarize the fundamentals and mechanistic approaches in the preparation and characterization of metal colloidal nanoparticles and dispersions. In this way the reader is provided with a systematic and coherent picture of the interesting field of nanoscience based on noble metal colloidal nanoparticles. Intended as a wide-ranging overview, the book is a resource for novices in the field as well as for specialists, particularly those scientists working in the area of nanoparticle synthesis. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are discussed from the chemist’s point of view. Therefore, this volume describes in detail the terms, definitions, theories, experiments, and techniques dealing with the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles. The material presented here is essential reading for research chemists, technologists, and engineers in the fields of specialty nanomaterials and metal industries, and also is highly valuable for researchers in university, institutional, and governmental laboratories, especially for those at advanced stages of their careers.
