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Author: Peter H. Nixon
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 1987
Total Pages: 892
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe eruption of deep-seated xenoliths in basaltic, alnoitic, kimberlitic, etc volcanoes provides the geologist with an important direct means of examining the fragments of the earth's mantle and lower crust.
Author: C. J. Hawkesworth
Publisher:
Published: 1983
Total Pages: 288
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Kent C. Condie
Publisher: Academic Press
Published: 2011-08-22
Total Pages: 593
ISBN-13: 0123852285
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEarth as an Evolving Planetary System, Second Edition, explores key topics and questions relating to the evolution of the Earth's crust and mantle over the last four billion years. This updated edition features exciting new information on Earth and planetary evolution and examines how all subsystems in our planet—crust, mantle, core, atmosphere, oceans and life—have worked together and changed over time. It synthesizes data from the fields of oceanography, geophysics, planetology, and geochemistry to address Earth's evolution. This volume consists of 10 chapters, including two new ones that deal with the Supercontinent Cycle and on Great Events in Earth history. There are also new and updated sections on Earth's thermal history, planetary volcanism, planetary crusts, the onset of plate tectonics, changing composition of the oceans and atmosphere, and paleoclimatic regimes. In addition, the book now includes new tomographic data tracking plume tails into the deep mantle. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, with a basic knowledge of geology, biology, chemistry, and physics. It also may serve as a reference tool for structural geologists and professionals in related disciplines who want to look at the Earth in a broader perspective. - Kent Condie's corresponding interactive CD, Plate Tectonics and How the Earth Works, can be purchased from Tasa Graphic Arts here: http://www.tasagraphicarts.com/progptearth.html - Two new chapters on the Supercontinent Cycle and on Great Events in Earth history - New and updated sections on Earth's thermal history, planetary volcanism, planetary crusts, the onset of plate tectonics, changing composition of the oceans and atmosphere, and paleoclimatic regimes - Also new in this Second Edition: the lower mantle and the role of the post-perovskite transition, the role of water in the mantle, new tomographic data tracking plume tails into the deep mantle, Euxinia in Proterozoic oceans, The Hadean, A crustal age gap at 2.4-2.2 Ga, and continental growth
Author: A. G. Jones
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Published: 2004-03-11
Total Pages: 522
ISBN-13: 9780444516145
DOWNLOAD EBOOKGiven the established nature of geoscientific knowledge of the Kaapvaal craton compared to the Slave craton, and given the exciting new interdisciplinary results coming from the Kaapvaal Project and from Slave craton studies, scientists working on both cratons were brought together in a workshop to compare and contrast the nature of these two cratons. Of the 54 papers presented at the workshop, 24 are included in this volume. There are clearly major similarities and differences between these two Archean cratons. The crust of both was predominantly formed in the Mesoarchean. Both contain crustal sections consisting of terranes of different ages welded together by Archean accretionary events. Both crustal sections are underlain by lithospheric mantle sections consisting of peridotites that experienced extensive partial melt extraction between 2.9 Ga and 3.2 Ga, but this is where the similarities between the cratons end. One of the most striking differences between the Slave and Kaapvaal cartons is the apparent seismic homogeneity of the Kaapvaal craton's SCLM whereas the Slave craton is seismically layered. The seismic layering in the centre of the craton correlates laterally and with depth with electrical layering and geochemical layering. Taken together, these differences suggest that SCLM formation was different for the two cratons, implying that the search for a single causative formation process is bound to fail. Reprinted from the journal Lithos Volume 71, numbers 2-4.
Author: Derek Vance
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 2003
Total Pages: 278
ISBN-13: 9781862391468
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIsotope geochemistry has produced many technical developments recently that have revolutionised the potential information available on the tectonics of metamorphic belts from geochronology. This set of papers describes recent progress in integrating this new information with other datasets from metamorphic petrology on a mineral and sub-mineral scale.
Author: Daniel Harlov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-08-14
Total Pages: 804
ISBN-13: 3642283934
DOWNLOAD EBOOKFluid-aided mass transfer and subsequent mineral re-equilibration are the two defining features of metasomatism and must be present in order for metamorphism to occur. Coupled with igneous and tectonic processes, metasomatism has played a major role in the formation of the Earth’s continental and oceanic crust and lithospheric mantle as well as in their evolution and subsequent stabilization. Metasomatic processes can include ore mineralization, metasomatically induced alteration of oceanic lithosphere, mass transport in and alteration of subducted oceanic crust and overlying mantle wedge, which has subsequent implications regarding mass transport, fluid flow, and volatile storage in the lithospheric mantle overall, as well as both regional and localized crustal metamorphism. Metasomatic alteration of accessory minerals such as zircon or monazite can allow for the dating of metasomatic events as well as give additional information regarding the chemistry of the fluids responsible. Lastly present day movement of fluids in both the lithospheric mantle and deep to mid crust can be observed utilizing geophysical resources such as electrical resistivity and seismic data. Such observations help to further clarify the picture of actual metasomatic processes as inferred from basic petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical data. The goal of this volume is to bring together a diverse group of geologists, each of whose specialities and long range experience regarding one or more aspects of metasomatism during geologic processes, should allow them to contribute to a series of review chapters, which outline the basis of our current understanding of how metasomatism influences and helps to control both the evolution and stability of the crust and lithospheric mantle.
Author: Jason Harvey
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Published: 2016-03-07
Total Pages: 798
ISBN-13: 1501502093
DOWNLOAD EBOOKHighly Siderophile and Strongly Chalcophile Elements in High Temperature Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Volume 81 This RiMG (Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry) volume investigates the application of highly siderophile (HSE) and strongly chalcophile elements. This volume has its origin in a short course sponsored by the Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society held in San Diego, California on the 11th and 12th December 2015, ahead of the American Geophysical Union’s Fall Meeting, which featured a session with the same title. Topics in this volume include: analytical methods and data quality experimental constraints applied to understanding HSE partitioning nucleosynthetic variations of siderophile and chalcophile elements HSE in the Earth, Moon, Mars and asteroidal bodies HSE and chalcophile elements in both cratonic and non-cratonic mantle, encompassing both sub-continental and sub-oceanic lithosphere the importance of the HSE for studying volcanic and magmatic processes, and an appraisal of the importance of magmatic HSE ore formation in Earth’s crust. Highly siderophile and strongly chalcophile elements comprise Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Rh, Pd, Au, Te, Se and S and are defined by their strong partitioning into the metallic phase, but will also strongly partition into sulfide phases, in the absence of metal. The chemical properties of the HSE mean that they are excellent tracers of key processes in high temperature geochemistry and cosmochemistry, having applications in virtually all areas of earth science. A key aspect of the HSE is that three long-lived, geologically useful decay systems exist with the HSE as parent (107Pd-107Ag), or parent-daughter isotopes (187Re-187Os and 190Pt-186Os). The material in this book is accessible for graduate students, researchers, and professionals with interests in the geochemistry and cosmochemistry of these elements, geochronology, magmatic ore bodies and the petrogenesis of platinum-group minerals.
Author: Ali Al-Juboury
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Published: 2012-01-13
Total Pages: 240
ISBN-13: 9533078006
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPetrology, New Perspectives and Applications is designed for advanced graduate courses and professionals in petrology. The book includes eight chapters that are focused on the recent advances and application of modern petrologic and geochemical methods for the understanding of igneous, metamorphic and even sedimentary rocks. Research studies contained in this volume provide an overview of application of modern petrologic techniques to rocks of diverse origins. They reflect a wide variety of settings (from South America to the Far East, and from Africa to Central Asia) as well as ages ranging from late Precambrian to late Cenozoic, with several on Mesozoic/Cenozoic volcanism.
Author: L. H. Ahrens
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2017-04-25
Total Pages: 965
ISBN-13: 1483187330
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPhysics and Chemistry of the Earth investigates the physics and chemistry of the earth, with emphasis on kimberlite and xenolith geology. Topics covered range from field geology to mineralogy and geochemistry, diamond inclusions, and experimental and theoretical petrology. Diatreme emplacement by fluidization is also discussed, along with the chemistry and genesis of opaque minerals in kimberlites; light element metasomatism of the continental mantle; and primary and secondary phlogopites and clinopyroxenes in garnet lherzolite xenoliths. Comprised of 59 chapters, this volume begins with a description of a model of a kimberlite pipe that depicts a hypothetical pipe having a diameter of 300 m at a level equivalent to the post-erosional surface of the major pipes in the Kimberley area, South Africa. Subsequent chapters explore the formation of phreatomagmatic maar-diatreme volcanoes and its relevance to kimberlite diatremes; emplacement of some diatreme-facies kimberlites; irregular patterns of magmatism in southwestern United States; and the chemistry of titanium-poor spinels, ilmenites, and rutiles from peridotite and eclogite xenoliths. Chromite-silicate intergrowths in upper mantle peridotites are also analyzed. The final chapter is devoted to theoretical aspects of gaseous and isotopic equilibria in the system C-H-O-S, with application to kimberlite. This book will be of interest to physicists and geophysicists, chemists and geochemists, geologists, and earth scientists.
Author: Richard Ernst
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2020-03-06
Total Pages: 233
ISBN-13: 3030295591
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis volume provides an overview and tour (with many interesting stops along the way) of Devonian and Ordovician intraplate magmatism and associated sedimentary rocks and tectonics in the regions of Kuznetsk Alatau, Minusinsk Basin and Khakassia in western Siberia. All chapters were written by experts, many of which have been studying these regions for decades. The first book to present and review this information in English for an international audience, it includes both overviews of the magmatic and associated sedimentary history, and selected key field sites, which are described in detail.
