Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Management of Chlorinated Solvents in Soils and Groundwater
Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Management of Chlorinated Solvents in Soils and Groundwater

Author: Tom Sale

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13:

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This brief document addresses 25 key questions, providing a concise overview of current knowledge regarding the management of subsurface chlorinated solvent releases. Source zone areas are defined and discussed, with summaries of the benefits and limitations of various source characterization and remediation technologies. The document addresses current technical and practical limitations, as well as the changes that have occurred over time at many chlorinated solvent sites. Although the document is meant neither to foster nor discourage source zone treatment, it takes a hard look at the costs and performance of the most commonly used source zone treatment technologies and compares source treatment to alternative containment approaches.

Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation
Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation

Author: Bernard H. Kueper

Publisher: Springer Science & Business

Published: 2014-04-22

Total Pages: 759

ISBN-13: 1461469228

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The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of groundwater and the methods and technology used for characterization and remediation. Remediation of DNAPL source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the behavior (transport and fate) of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface and site specific geology, chemistry and hydrology. This volume is focused on the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase chlorinated solvents and it is hoped that mid-level engineers and scientists will find this book helpful in understanding the current state-of-practice of DNAPL source zone management and remediation.

In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes
In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes

Author: Hans F. Stroo

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-09-10

Total Pages: 807

ISBN-13: 1441914013

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In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Envir- mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Sup- fund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid-1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action,” our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing techn- ogies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.

Management of Chlorinated Solvents
Management of Chlorinated Solvents

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 27

ISBN-13: 9781742933023

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"The NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) has completed a review of the management of chlorinated solvents to help improve environmental performance. The review focused on requirements in New South Wales environment protection licences for the management of chlorinated solvents across various industry types. These included chemical production and storage, metallurgical activities, and waste storage and processing. The review involved compliance audits, together with research into best environmental management practices."--P. 1.

Chlorinated Solvents
Chlorinated Solvents

Author: Robert D Morrison

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Published: 2015-11-09

Total Pages: 437

ISBN-13: 1782626077

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Environmental forensics is emerging and evolving into a recognized scientific discipline with numerous applications, especially regarding chlorinated solvents. This unique book provides the reader with a concise compilation of information regarding the use of environmental forensic techniques for age dating and identification of the source of a chlorinated solvent release. Concentrating on the five commonly encountered chlorinated solvents (perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and CFC-113), forensic opportunities applicable to each are presented including the use of stabilizers, manufacturing impurities, surrogate chemicals and physical measurements and degradation products as diagnostic indicators. Detailed historical chronology of the applications of the solvents and specific chapters devoted to dry cleaning and vapor degreasing equipment are included as are generic forensic approaches. Forming a basis for further ideas in the evolution of environmental forensic techniques, Chlorinated Solvents will be an indispensable reference tool for researchers, regulators and analysts in the field.

Hazardous Waste Management by Small Quantity Generators
Hazardous Waste Management by Small Quantity Generators

Author: Kathleen A. Wolf

Publisher:

Published: 1987

Total Pages: 51

ISBN-13: 9780833008725

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This report provides an assessment of chlorinated solvent use and waste generation in the dry cleaning industry. It summarizes the waste management practices in dry cleaning and extends them to other small-quantity generators (SQGs) of hazardous wastes. It focuses on alternatives to land disposal for a class of chemicals called chlorinated solvents, which pose a range of environmental and health problems, and are used widely in a variety of industries. The findings suggest that private sector recycling firms have already brought most retail and industrial dry cleaners into compliance with hazardous waste regulations. Other SQGs in diverse industries generate a substantial amount of solvent waste, however. Some of this waste is currently managed through reclamation, but the available data indicate that the potential for reclamation is much higher.

Oak Ridge K-25 Site Chlorinated Solvent Pollution Prevention Opportunity Assessment
Oak Ridge K-25 Site Chlorinated Solvent Pollution Prevention Opportunity Assessment

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 246

ISBN-13:

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A pollution prevention opportunity assessment (PPOA) was conducted at the Oak Ridge K-25 Site to identify opportunities to reduce and better manage the use of chlorinated solvents. At the K-25 Site, 67 control areas were examined for their potential use of chlorinated solvents. Of these areas, 27 were found to be using (1) chlorinated solvents for cleaning, degreasing, and lubricating; (2) laboratory standards and solvents; and (3) test medium. Current management practices encourage the identification and use of nonhazardous chemicals, including the use of chlorinated solvents. The main pollution prevention principles are source reduction and recycling, and a number of pollution prevention options based on these principles were identified and evaluated as part of this chlorinated solvent PPOA. Source reduction options evaluated for the K-25 Site include the substitution of chlorinated solvents with nonchlorinated solvents. Recycling was identified for those areas that would benefit most from the reuse of the chlorinated solvents in use. The pollution prevention options that offer the greatest opportunity for success at the K-25 Site are the implementation of substitutes at the 10 control areas using chlorinated solvents for cleaning, degreasing, and lubrication. A change in the process may be all that is needed to eliminate the use of a chlorinated solvent. Once a decision is made to implement a substitution, the information should be communicated to all shops and laboratories. Another option to consider is the installation of recycling units to recycle the large amounts of methylene chloride used in the analytical sampling procedure.

Compatibility of Alternative Chlorinated Solvent Source Treatment Strategies With Monitored Natural Attenuation
Compatibility of Alternative Chlorinated Solvent Source Treatment Strategies With Monitored Natural Attenuation

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 5

ISBN-13:

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One of the most powerful and promising strategies for optimizing environmental restoration is the use of combinations of technologies rather than a single technology to reach the target cleanup goals. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is actively working to clean up legacy contamination from its operations. Notably, DOE is responsible for the cleanup of many sites where the contamination includes chlorinated solvents (or chlorinated volatile organic contaminants (CVOCs)). At some sites, groundwater plumes containing CVOCs tend to become relatively large. Estimates for times to remediate sites often ranges up to 100s of years for these large plumes. As a result, the CVOC plumes are a concern to DOE, regulators and stakeholders. In response to this challenge, DOE initiated a project to ''provide the technical and policy support to facilitate implementing appropriate passive cleanup ... leading to responsible completion of active remediation activities at high risk DOE waste sites.'' A combined approach benefits from the ability to match the invasiveness and aggressiveness of the remedial action to the amount of contamination and level of risk. This matching process is particularly important for recalcitrant contaminants such as chlorinated solvents. Highly contaminated areas justify more intense remediation action(s) while minimally contaminated areas are suited to natural or even passive methods. A logical extension of this concept is the need to transition technologies through time as sites become cleaner. The extended approach, sometimes described as a ''technology train, '' responds to changing conditions with the goal of optimizing cleanup.