Malcolm X: The Pragmatic Nationalist
Malcolm X: The Pragmatic Nationalist

Author: Lukmaan Hakim Khan Seekdaur

Publisher: Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag)

Published: 2014-02-01

Total Pages: 60

ISBN-13: 3954897059

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This book tracks the evolution of Malcolm X from a racist, espousing the essentialist ideals of the Nation of Islam to a human rights activist, aware of the broader early 1960’s struggle against imperial forces. Central to this was his strategic use of race to unite African-American initially and then the oppressed people in the world. Race was used as a strategy with the aim to abolish racial oppression. In the first chapter of this study we look at the constraints, most notably the white power structure, present in the United States during the mid-1960s which, on one hand gave form to Malcolm’s thinking, and on the other, made it necessary for Malcolm to add an international dimension to his thinking. The second chapter explores Malcolm’s racial theorising in 1964-65 when he identified the two stages which were necessary for the attainment of a colour-blind society. While Africa, as both idea and place, served as a cultural base, it also acted as a springboard to an international coalition of oppressed people. By linking the domestic and the international politics of Malcolm X, this study highlights the sense of purpose with which Malcolm X articulated his arguments concerning the future of the African-American community and their involvement in the American society.

The Pragmatic Nationalist: The Racial Politics and Rhetoric of Malcolm X 1964-65
The Pragmatic Nationalist: The Racial Politics and Rhetoric of Malcolm X 1964-65

Author: Lukmaan Hakim Khan Seekdaur

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 77

ISBN-13: 3656106592

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Masterarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Amerikanistik - Literatur, University of Manchester, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In this thesis, I look at the constraints, most notably the white power structure, present in the United States during the mid-1960s which, on one hand gave form to Malcolm's political ideology, and on the other, made it necessary for him to add an international dimension to his thinking. Central to such a discussion is Malcolm's racial theorising in 1964-65 when he identified the two stages which were necessary for the attainment of a colour-blind society. While Africa, as both idea and place, served as a cultural base, it also acted as a springboard to an international coalition of oppressed people. By linking the domestic and the international politics of Malcolm X, this thesis highlights the sense of purpose with which Malcolm X articulated his arguments concerning the future of the African-American community and their involvement in the American society.

We Who Are Dark
We Who Are Dark

Author: Tommie Shelby

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2009-06-30

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 0674043529

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We Who Are Dark provides the first extended philosophical defense of black political solidarity. Tommie Shelby argues that we can reject a biological idea of race and agree with many criticisms of identity politics yet still view black political solidarity as a needed emancipatory tool. In developing his defense of black solidarity, he draws on the history of black political thought, focusing on the canonical figures of Martin R. Delany and W. E. B. Du Bois.

The Sword and the Shield
The Sword and the Shield

Author: Peniel E. Joseph

Publisher: Basic Books

Published: 2020-03-31

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 1541617851

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This dual biography of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King upends longstanding preconceptions to transform our understanding of the twentieth century's most iconic African American leaders. To most Americans, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. represent contrasting ideals: self-defense vs. nonviolence, black power vs. civil rights, the sword vs. the shield. The struggle for black freedom is wrought with the same contrasts. While nonviolent direct action is remembered as an unassailable part of American democracy, the movement's militancy is either vilified or erased outright. In The Sword and the Shield, Peniel E. Joseph upends these misconceptions and reveals a nuanced portrait of two men who, despite markedly different backgrounds, inspired and pushed each other throughout their adult lives. This is a strikingly revisionist biography, not only of Malcolm and Martin, but also of the movement and era they came to define.

We are an African People
We are an African People

Author: Russell John Rickford

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 401

ISBN-13: 0199861471

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A history of black independent schools as the forge for black nationalism and a vanguard for black sovereignty in the 1960s and 70s.

Set the World on Fire
Set the World on Fire

Author: Keisha N. Blain

Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press

Published: 2018-03-15

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 0812249887

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"[This book] examine[s] how black nationalist women engaged in national and global politics from the early twentieth century to the 1960's"--Amazon.com.

New Black Renaissance
New Black Renaissance

Author: Manning Marable

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2015-12-03

Total Pages: 352

ISBN-13: 1317255518

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Against a backdrop of multiculturalism and Afrocentricity in the intellectual traditions of African-American studies, this book sets new standards and directions for the future. It is the first book to systematically address the many themes that have changed the political and social landscape for African-Americans. Among these changes are new transnational processes of globalization, the devastating impact of neoliberal public policies upon urban minority communities, increasing imprisonment and attendant loss of voting rights especially among black males, the surging of Hispanic population, and widening class differences as deindustrialization, crack cocaine, and gentrification entered urban communities. Marable and a cast of influential contributors suggest that a new beginning is needed for African-American scholarship. They explain why Black Studies needs to break its conceptual and thematic limitations, exploring "blackness" in new ways and in different geographic sites. They outline the major intersectionalities that should shape a new Black Studies-the complex relationships between race, gender, sexuality, class and youth. They argue that African-American Studies scholarship must help shape and redirect public policies that affect black communities, working with government, foundations and other private institutions on such issues as housing, health care, and criminal justice.

The Strategies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X in the Course of the Mass African-American Protest of the Early 1960s
The Strategies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X in the Course of the Mass African-American Protest of the Early 1960s

Author: Stefan Küpper

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2010-03-19

Total Pages: 17

ISBN-13: 3640568729

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Essay from the year 2008 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 2,0, University of Reading (Department of History), language: English, abstract: In 1966, Martin Luther King, Jr. still held the opinion that violent resistance to white supremacy would be futile. But at this time a certain group of people, especially young blacks in the northern cities, turned towards a strategy of armed resistance which was spread by radical black nationalists like Malcolm X. Beginning shortly after the Second World War, when the hopes of most African Americans for racial equality were not fulfilled, and on its peak at the end of the 1950s, an increasing number of blacks protested peacefully against discrimination. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and leading figures like MLK helped to organize several demonstrations, sit-ins (Greensboro lunch counter sit-in, 1960) and boycotts (Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955), aiming at full integration of black Americans. At the same time, but evidently opposing these nonviolent forms of protest, the Nation of Islam (NoI), amongst them Malcolm X, demanded a new kind of Black Nationalism which emphasized black pride, unity and self-respect. Nevertheless, these pragmatic radicals aimed at separatism, but the vehicle to achieve it was supposed to be a revolution. These two antagonistic approaches determined the Civil Rights Movement from the mid 1950s onward.

Bayard Rustin
Bayard Rustin

Author: Michael G. Long

Publisher: NYU Press

Published: 2023-09-26

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 1479818518

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Celebrates the life and legacy of Bayard Rustin, the civil rights leader behind the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom While we can all recall images of Martin Luther King Jr. giving his “I Have a Dream” speech in front of a massive crowd at Lincoln Memorial, few of us remember the man who organized this watershed nonviolent protest in eight short weeks: Bayard Rustin. This was far from Rustin’s first foray into the fight for civil rights. As a world-traveling pacifist, he brought Gandhi’s protest techniques to the forefront of US civil rights demonstrations, helped build the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, led the fight for economic justice, and played a deeply influential role in the life of Dr. King by helping to mold him into an international symbol of nonviolent resistance. Rustin’s legacy touches many areas of contemporary life—from civil resistance to violent uprisings, democracy to socialism, and criminal justice reform to war resistance. Despite these achievements, Rustin was often relegated to the background. He was silenced, threatened, arrested, beaten, imprisoned, and fired from important leadership positions, largely because he was an openly gay man in a fiercely homophobic era. With expansive, searching, and sometimes critical essays from a range of esteemed writers—including Rustin’s own partner, Walter Naegle—this volume draws a full picture of Bayard Rustin: a gay, pacifist, socialist political radical who changed the course of US history and set a precedent for future civil rights activism, from LGBTQ+ Pride to Black Lives Matter.