Maladaptation
Maladaptation

Author: Philip G. Madgwick

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2024-07-25

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 0192697765

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Charles Darwin presented the first scientific explanation of design through evolution by natural selection, where the environment furnishes individual organisms with adaptations that help them to survive and reproduce. This accessible book makes the case that natural selection can also do the exact opposite, favouring traits that directly harm an organism's ability to survive and reproduce. Such maladaptations contradict the received understanding of what natural selection 'does', but become explicable with an understanding of the genetics and ecology of evolution by natural selection. Drawing upon wide-ranging examples from across the diversity of life, the evidence for maladaptations is critically appraised to establish its possibility, reality and importance to the design of living things. A theory of maladaptation is developed, as a corrective for a long-standing error in evolutionary biology. Examples of maladaptation are evaluated to identify the challenges and successes in applying the concept to organismal traits. The deeper causes and consequences of maladaptation are discussed to understand its far-reaching impact on the evolution of life on Earth - and beyond. Overall, the book persuasively argues that maladaptation is a paragon of the changes to evolutionary theory that are needed to understand the population biology of natural selection. Maladaptation is written to be suitable for students taking courses in evolution, ecology and genetics, as well as professional researchers in these fields. Its accessible style will also appeal to a broader interdisciplinary audience, including any inquisitive reader with a general interest in science and the natural world.

Evolutionary Psychology as Maladapted Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology as Maladapted Psychology

Author: Robert C. Richardson

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2010-01-22

Total Pages: 227

ISBN-13: 0262261111

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A philosopher subjects the claims of evolutionary psychology to the evidential and methodological requirements of evolutionary biology, concluding that evolutionary psychology's explanations amount to speculation disguised as results. Human beings, like other organisms, are the products of evolution. Like other organisms, we exhibit traits that are the product of natural selection. Our psychological capacities are evolved traits as much as are our gait and posture. This much few would dispute. Evolutionary psychology goes further than this, claiming that our psychological traits—including a wide variety of traits, from mate preference and jealousy to language and reason—can be understood as specific adaptations to ancestral Pleistocene conditions. In Evolutionary Psychology as Maladapted Psychology, Robert Richardson takes a critical look at evolutionary psychology by subjecting its ambitious and controversial claims to the same sorts of methodological and evidential constraints that are broadly accepted within evolutionary biology. The claims of evolutionary psychology may pass muster as psychology; but what are their evolutionary credentials? Richardson considers three ways adaptive hypotheses can be evaluated, using examples from the biological literature to illustrate what sorts of evidence and methodology would be necessary to establish specific evolutionary and adaptive explanations of human psychological traits. He shows that existing explanations within evolutionary psychology fall woefully short of accepted biological standards. The theories offered by evolutionary psychologists may identify traits that are, or were, beneficial to humans. But gauged by biological standards, there is inadequate evidence: evolutionary psychologists are largely silent on the evolutionary evidence relevant to assessing their claims, including such matters as variation in ancestral populations, heritability, and the advantage offered to our ancestors. As evolutionary claims they are unsubstantiated. Evolutionary psychology, Richardson concludes, may offer a program of research, but it lacks the kind of evidence that is generally expected within evolutionary biology. It is speculation rather than sound science—and we should treat its claims with skepticism.

Climate Change Solutions and Environmental Migration
Climate Change Solutions and Environmental Migration

Author: Anna Ginty

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2021-04-20

Total Pages: 150

ISBN-13: 1000372340

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This book lifts the taboo on maladaptation, a different driver of environmentally induced migration, which shines a light on the negative consequences arising from the solutions to climate change, adaptation and mitigation policies. Through a systematic analysis and critique of existing mitigation and adaptation polices under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and international development community, and supplemented by a small empirical study in Indonesia, this book catalogues how maladaptation is manufactured under existing climate change solutions. It posits that customary communities in general- and women in particular- are disproportionately affected by the dominant market-driven logics that underscore current climate change solutions adopted by the UNFCCC. The injustice of maladaptation is highlighted as multi-faceted and explored using political, economic, social and ecological lenses, and the concept of environmental reintegration is also explored as a possible solution to this issue. Further possibilities are then presented in the Afterword, as a combination of what the new (post-neoliberalism) conjuncture could potentially look like. This volume will be of great interest to students, scholars and practitioners of climate change, environmental policy, environmental migration and displacement, development studies, I/NGOs and civil society actors and activists more broadly.

Managing Climate Change Adaptation in the Pacific Region
Managing Climate Change Adaptation in the Pacific Region

Author: Walter Leal Filho

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-03-03

Total Pages: 318

ISBN-13: 3030405524

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This book presents papers written by scholars, practitioners, and members of social movements and government agencies pursuing research and/or climate change projects in the Pacific region. Climate change is impacting the Pacific in various ways, including numerous negative effects on the natural environment and biodiversity. As such, a better understanding of how climate change affects Pacific communities is required, in order to identify processes, methods, and tools that can help countries and the communities in the region to adapt and become more resilient. Further, the book showcases successful examples of how to cope with the social, economic, and political problems posed by climate change in the region.

Scientific Foundations and Practical Applications of Periodization
Scientific Foundations and Practical Applications of Periodization

Author: G. Gregory Haff

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Published: 2024-02-26

Total Pages: 865

ISBN-13: 1718217722

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The concept of periodization is not new, with the precursors of periodized training dating back more than 2,000 years ago. But it is now obvious that the holistic development of an athlete encompasses more than their physical and tactical training. Scientific Foundations and Practical Applications of Periodization is the first book of its kind designed to optimize sport performance by integrating both classic and modern periodization theories with recovery methodologies, nutritional interventions, and athlete monitoring guidelines. Written by G. Gregory Haff, a world-leading expert on periodization, Scientific Foundations and Practical Applications of Periodization incorporates the latest scientific evidence to provide a comprehensive understanding of how to implement planning and programming strategies to enhance physiological adaptations. While other periodization books may discuss training theory, few provide information on how to integrate various training models into the periodization process. Here are just some of the approaches incorporated into Scientific Foundations and Practical Applications of Periodization: Employing and blending parallel, sequential, and emphasis periodization models to develop athletes Syncing recovery strategies with various phases and periods of training to enhance the adaptational process Manipulating nutritional strategies to magnify performance Using and interpreting monitoring data to adjust an athlete’s program in accordance with the periodized plan Applicable for athletes at all levels and in any sport, Scientific Foundations and Practical Applications of Periodization translates the latest research into usable information that directly enhances programming. You will have access to real-world, practical examples and discussions of how to make scientifically sound programming decisions. A glossary of over 400 terms will help you digest the content. Plus, you will find periodization templates and directions on how to use them to create annual training, mesocycle, and microcycle plans. Templates are provided online via HKPropel to help you easily design periodized programs. Get the most comprehensive resource about periodization ever written, and use scientific evidence to take your periodization programming to the next level with Scientific Foundations and Practical Applications of Periodization. Earn continuing education credits/units! A continuing education exam that uses this book is also available. It may be purchased separately or as part of a package that includes both the book and exam. Note: A code for accessing HKPropel is not included with this ebook but may be purchased separately.

Power of the Five Elements
Power of the Five Elements

Author: Charles A. Moss, M.D.

Publisher: North Atlantic Books

Published: 2010-04-06

Total Pages: 314

ISBN-13: 1556438745

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An original, powerful prescription to prevent stress and enhance health, this book will appeal to people who are looking for better ways to manage stress as well as practitioners of, or those interested in, Chinese and alternative medicines, acupuncture, Eastern thought, and self-help psychology Based on his thirty years of using acupuncture in an integrative medical practice, Power of the Five Elements presents the Five Adaptation Types, Dr. Charles Moss’s modern application of the Five Elements of Chinese medicine. If you are ready to increase your energy levels, improve your mood, and reduce your risk for serious illness, get started today and discover your Adaptation Type through Power of the Five Elements. This book provides you with: • A roadmap to understanding why you react to stress the way you do and a comprehensive new approach to improving your ability to adapt • A fascinating synthesis, presented for the first time, of the ancient wisdom of Taoist Chinese Medicine and current mind-body research • Case histories and questionnaires to identify your Adaptation Type and specific, individualized recommendations—behavioral changes, exercises, meditations—to improve adaptation, reduce stress, and enhance healthy aging • A clear understanding of the importance of lowering abnormal levels of cortisol, the main stress hormone associated with heart disease, diabetes, and cancer

Climate Adaptation Futures
Climate Adaptation Futures

Author: Jean P. Palutikof

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-02-04

Total Pages: 450

ISBN-13: 1118529472

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Adaptation is the poor cousin of the climate change challenge - the glamour of international debate is around global mitigation agreements, while the bottom-up activities of adaptation, carried out in community halls and local government offices, are often overlooked. Yet, as international forums fail to deliver reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, the world is realising that effective adaptation will be essential across all sectors to deal with the unavoidable impacts of climate change. The need to understand how to adapt effectively, and to develop appropriate adaptation options and actions, is becoming increasingly urgent. This book reports the current state of knowledge on climate change adaptation, and seeks to expose and debate key issues in adaptation research and practice. It is framed around a number of critical areas of adaptation theory and practice, including: Advances in adaptation thinking, Enabling frameworks and policy for adaptation, Engaging and communicating with practitioners, Key challenges in adaptation and development, Management of natural systems and agriculture under climate change, Ensuring water security under a changing climate, Urban infrastructure and livelihoods, and The nexus between extremes, disaster management and adaptation. It includes contributions from many of the leading thinkers and practitioners in adaptation today. The book is based on key contributions from the First International Conference on Climate Change Adaptation ‘Climate Adaptation Futures’, held on the Gold Coast, Australia, in June 2010. That three-day meeting of over 1000 researchers and practitioners in adaptation from 50 countries was the first of its kind. Readership: The book is essential reading for a wide range of individuals involved in climate change adaptation, including: Researchers, Communication specialists, Decision-makers and policy makers (e.g. government staff, local council staff), On-ground adaptation practitioners (e.g. aid agencies, government workers, NGOs), Postgraduate and graduate students, and Consultants.