Leather Processing & Tanning Technology Handbook
Leather Processing & Tanning Technology Handbook

Author: NIIR Board of Consultants Engineers

Publisher: NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES

Published: 2011-01-04

Total Pages: 592

ISBN-13: 8190568590

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Leather Industry has been one of the traditional industries operating at present. The hides and skins of animals are the source of leather and preserving hides and tanning them into leather has become an important industry. Leather-making is now a scientifically based industry, but still retains some of the charm and mystery of the original craft. Animal skin that has been processed to retain its flexibility, toughness, and waterproof nature is known as leather. "Leather tanning" is a general term for the numerous processing steps involved in converting animal hides or skins into finished leather. Tanning is the final process in turning hides and skins into leather. Tanning involves a complex combination of mechanical and chemical processes. The heart of the process is the tanning operation itself in which organic or inorganic materials become chemically bound to the protein structure of the hide and preserve it from deterioration. The main chemical processes carried out by the tanner are the unhairing, liming, tanning, neutralizing and dyeing. This indispensable handbook provides a detailed insight into the leather industry, leather processing and tanning technology with manufacturing of different forms of leather products. The book contains the manufacturing process of different forms and type of leather products like box and willow sides, glazed kid, sole leather, lace leather, belting and bag leather, chamois leather, upholstery leather, antique leather, light and fancy leather, etc. to name a few. This book will be very helpful to its readers, upcoming entrepreneurs, scientists, existing industries, technical institutions, technocrats, etc.

Textile Auxiliaries And Chemicals With Processes & Formulations
Textile Auxiliaries And Chemicals With Processes & Formulations

Author: Eiri Board

Publisher: Engineers India Research In

Published: 2009-12

Total Pages: 86

ISBN-13: 8186732934

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Textile Auxiliaries And Chemicals With Processes And Formulations Isbn 81-86732-93-4 Rs. 950/- Or Us $ 100/- The Book Covers Classificat Ions And Chemistry, Manufacturing Processes Of Textile Auxiliaries, Commercial Textile Auxiliaries, Formulations Of Textile Auxiliaries, Classification Of Surfactants, Details Of Raw Materials, Anionic Surfactants, Cationic Surfactants, Non-Ionic Surfactants, Miscellaneous Important Compounds, Detergent Paste (Textile Grade), Dispersant For Textiles, Leveling And Dispersing Agent, Non-Ionic Surfactants Wetting Agents, Pigment Emulsion For Textiles, Pigments Binders For Textile Printing, Poly Vinyl Acetate Emulsion, Rosin Sizing Agent, Silicone Emulsion, Silk Sizing Liquid (Water Soluble), Softeners (Cationic, An-Ionic And Non-Ionic), Textile And Finishing Agents, Auxiliaries, Textile Chemicals, Textile Printing Paste.

Tanning Chemistry
Tanning Chemistry

Author: Anthony D Covington

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Published: 2015-11-09

Total Pages: 469

ISBN-13: 1782626026

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Even in the 21st Century, the manufacture of leather retains an air of the dark arts, still somewhat shrouded in the mysteries of a millennia old, craft based industry. Despite the best efforts of a few scientists over the last century or so, much of the understanding of the principles of tanning is still based on received wisdom and experience. Leather is made from (usually) the hides and skins of animals - large animals such as cattle have hides, small animals such as sheep have skins. The skin of any animal is largely composed of the protein collagen, so it is the chemistry of this fibrous protein and the properties it confers to the skin with which the tanner is most concerned. In addition, other components of the skin impact on processing, impact on the chemistry of the material and impact on the properties of the product, leather. Therefore, it is useful to understand the relationships between skin structure at the molecular and macro levels, the changes imposed by modifying the chemistry of the material and the eventual properties of the leather. This book aims to contribute to changing the thinking in the industry, to continue building a body of scientific understanding, aimed at enhancing the sustainability of an industry which produces a unique group of materials, derived from a natural source. The Science of Leather is the only current text on tanning science, and addresses the scientific principles which underpin the processes involved in making leather. It is concerned with the chemical modification of collagen, prior to tanning and the tanning reactions in particular. The subject is covered in the following order: collagen chemistry, collagen structure, skin structure, processing to prepare for tanning, the tanning processes and processing after tanning. The aim of the book is to provide leather scientists and technologists with an understanding of how the reactions work, the nature of their outcomes and how the processes can be controlled and changed. The objective is to synthesise a scientific view of leather making and to arrive at an understanding of the nature of tanning - how the wide range of chemistries employed in the art can change the properties of collagen, making leather with different properties, especially conferring different degrees of stabilisation as measured by the hydrothermal stability. Environmental issues are not treated as a separate theme - the impact of leather making on the environment is a thread running through the text, with the assumption that better understanding of the science of leather making will lead to improved processing. The book also reflects on the ways leather technology may develop in the future based on the foundation of understanding the scientific principles which can be exploited. It also includes a subject index, references and a glossary. The book provides the reader with insights into the role science plays in leather technology and provides fundamental understanding, which should be the basis for scientific and technological research and development for the benefit of the global leather industry. The book is aimed at students, leather scientists and technologists, in both academia and industry, in leather production and in chemical supply houses.

Home Tanning And Leather Making Guide (Legacy Edition)
Home Tanning And Leather Making Guide (Legacy Edition)

Author: Albert B. Farnham

Publisher:

Published: 2019-12-05

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13: 9781643890326

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This deluxe reprint Legacy Edition of Albert B. Farnham's Home Tanning and Leather Making Guide is full of old-time tips and methods for preserving and working your own leathers, buckskin, and furs. Originally published in 1922, this handy little guide touches on every aspect of the fur and leather making process, with a focus on homemade and handcrafted preservation techniques used by Native Americans, trappers, and fur traders in the old days.

The Oxford Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World
The Oxford Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World

Author: John Peter Oleson

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 884

ISBN-13: 0199734852

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Nearly every aspect of daily life in the Mediterranean world and Europe during the florescence of the Greek and Roman cultures is relevant to engineering and technology. This text highlights the accomplishments of the ancient societies, the research problems, and stimulates further progress in the history of ancient technology.

Comprehensive Guide to Leather Repair and Restoration
Comprehensive Guide to Leather Repair and Restoration

Author: Kevin Gillan

Publisher: Advanced Leather Solutions, Inc.

Published: 2019-05-01

Total Pages: 371

ISBN-13:

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Want to explore the world of leather repair and restoration? This book is your answer. It's a deep-dive into the specifics of leather repair and restoration. As the only one of its kind, it covers all aspects of care, maintenance, repair and restoration of leather furniture, automotive, jackets, etc. The book teaches the science behind repair and restoration methodologies. The reader learns the underlying fundamentals as to why and how a particular task solves a problem, as well as the properties of the chemistry behind the best repair and restoration products. It takes the mystery out of how and why these repair techniques work. Readers have commented that with this book, you don't need formal training to be effective. Everything you need to know about the craft is in this book including marketing and sales ideas for a leather repair business. As an ebook, the reader can take advantage of the embedded links to videos, so its not just the written word, but also video that shows you how as well. If you are a retailer selling leather goods, its a great reference piece to have on hand. If you want to get into the business of leather repair, this book will give you all the knowledge you need, including tip on marketing. If you are a professional leather tech, then you know the importance of knowledge. This book, with its easy to follow, step by step learning process is chocked full of "How to" tips and tricks. In 350 plus pages, there is bound to be at least one or two money saving ideas even for experineced technicians.

Handbook on Manufacture of Indian Kitchen Spices (Masala Powder) with Formulations, Processes and Machinery Details _5th Edition
Handbook on Manufacture of Indian Kitchen Spices (Masala Powder) with Formulations, Processes and Machinery Details _5th Edition

Author: Ajay Kumar Gupta

Publisher: NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES

Published: 2022-04-25

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 8195577563

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Spices or Masala as it is called in Hindi, may be called the “heartbeat” of an Indian kitchen. The secret ingredient that makes Indian food truly Indian is the generous use of signature spices. From ancient times of the maharaja’s, spices have added unforgettable flavours and life to Indian cuisine. Indian spices offer significant health benefits and contribute towards an individual's healthy life. There are a large number of various spices, used along with food such as Chilli (Mirchi), Turmeric (Haldi), Coriander (Dhania), Cumin (Jeera), Mustard (Rai), Fenugreek (Methi), Sesame (Til), Cardamon, Peppercorns (Kali Mirchi), Clove, Fennel (Saunf), Nutmeg and Mace etc. In modern times, international trade in spices and condiments have increased dramatically which could be attributed to several factors including rapid advances in transportation, permitting easy accessibility to world markets, growing demand from industrial food manufacturers of wide ranging convenience foods. As the demand for Indian spices is increasing day by day, Indian manufacturers are producing spices of high quality. The book presents the fundamental concepts of Spices (Masala Powder) Indian Kitchen Spices product mix in a manner that new entrepreneurs can understand easily. It covers Formulation for spices i.e., Chaat Masala, Chana Masala, Sambar Masala, Pav Bhaji Masala, Garam Masala, Goda Masala, Pani Puri Masala, Kitchen King Masala, Thandai Masala Powder, Meat Masala, Rasam Powder, Kesari Milk Masala, Punjabi Chole Masala, Shahi Biryani Masala, Tea Masala Powder, Jaljeera Masala, Tandoori Masala, Fish Curry Masala, Chicken Masala, Pickle Masala, Curry Masala. This book contains manufacturing process, Packaging and Labelling of Spices. The highlighting segments of this book are Spices Nutritional value, Special Qualities and Specifications, Cryogenic Grinding Technology, Food Safety & Quality, BIS Specifications, Quality Control, Market, Sample Production Plant Layout and Photograph of Machinery with Supplier’s Contact Details. It also covers Good manufacturing practices in Food Industry, Case Study for Everest and MDH Masala and Top Spice Brands of India. This book is aimed for those who are interested in Spices business, can find the complete information about Manufacture of Indian Kitchen Spices (Masala Powder). It will be very informative and useful to consultants, new entrepreneurs, startups, technocrats, research scholars, libraries and existing units.

Solar PV Power and Solar Products Handbook (Solar Energy, Solar Lighting, Solar Power Plant, Solar Panel, Solar Pump, Solar Photovoltaic Cell, Solar Inverter, Solar Thermal Power Plant, Solar Farm, Solar Cell Modules with Manufacturing Process, Equipment Details, Plant Layout & Process Flow Chart)
Solar PV Power and Solar Products Handbook (Solar Energy, Solar Lighting, Solar Power Plant, Solar Panel, Solar Pump, Solar Photovoltaic Cell, Solar Inverter, Solar Thermal Power Plant, Solar Farm, Solar Cell Modules with Manufacturing Process, Equipment Details, Plant Layout & Process Flow Chart)

Author: Ajay Kumar Gupta

Publisher: NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES

Published: 2022-04-25

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 8195577598

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Solar energy is expanding worldwide and becoming an increasingly important part of the energy mix in many countries. Solar energy is used all over the world, but in terms of total installed solar capacity, India, China, Japan, and the United States are now top of the world. Solar panels can create power almost anywhere on the planet. However, some regions receive more sunshine than others and hence have a greater solar energy potential. It is based on insolation, which is a measurement of how much solar radiation reaches a specific area on the earth's surface. Solar energy can be captured in a variety of ways. Photovoltaic solar panels are the most frequent method. Photovoltaic (PV) devices use semiconductors to generate power directly from sunlight. Photons impact and ionize semiconductor material on the solar panel as the silicon photovoltaic solar cell absorbs solar energy, causing electrons to break free of their atomic bonds. A flow of electrical current is created when electrons are compelled to move in one direction. Only a portion of the light spectrum is absorbed, while the rest is reflected, too faint (infrared), or generates heat rather than electricity (ultraviolet). Concentrated solar power is the second type of solar energy technology (CSP). Solar thermal energy is used in CSP facilities to create steam, which is subsequently turned into electricity via a turbine. The global solar energy installed capacity is estimated to reach 1,645 gigawatts (GW), registering a CAGR is 13.78%. The growth of the solar energy market is driven by an increase in environmental pollution and the provision of government incentives & tax rebates to install solar panels. In addition, a decrease in water footprint associated with solar energy systems has fueled their demand in power generation sectors. The demand for solar cells has gained major traction owing to a surge in rooftop installations, followed by an increase in applications in the architectural sector. Furthermore, the demand for parabolic troughs and solar power towers in electricity generation is expected to boost the demand for concentrated solar power systems. Only the two commonly recognized kinds of technology for converting solar energy into electricity — photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP, also known as solar thermal) — are considered in their current and possible future forms in The Future of Solar Energy. Expanding the solar sector considerably from its current small size may result in developments that no one can predict right now. Solar deployment in the future will be highly influenced by uncertain future market conditions and public policies, including but not limited to measures aimed at mitigating global climate change. The book covers a wide range of topics connected to Solar, as well as their manufacturing processes. It also includes contact information for machinery suppliers, as well as images of equipment. A complete guide on Solar PV Power and Solar Products manufacture and entrepreneurship. This book serves as a one-stop-shop for everything you need to know about the Solar, which is ripe with opportunities for manufacturers, merchants, and entrepreneurs. This is the only book that covers Solar PV Power and Solar Products in depth. From concept through equipment procurement, it is a veritable feast of how-to information.