Le risque radioactif : Devenir des radionucléides dans l'environnement et impacts sur la santé
Le risque radioactif : Devenir des radionucléides dans l'environnement et impacts sur la santé

Author: AMIARD Jean-Claude

Publisher: Lavoisier

Published: 2013-05-01

Total Pages: 664

ISBN-13: 2743064951

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L’utilisation et la gestion de l’énergie nucléaire sont des sujets sensibles. Chaque accident nucléaire majeur qui se produit soulève de nombreuses et nouvelles interrogations sur les risques radioactifs pour l’environnement et la biodiversité, et l’impact des radionucléides sur les êtres vivants et la santé. S’inscrivant au cœur du débat public, Le risque radioactif propose une synthèse complète des connaissances actuelles sur les principaux polluants radioactifs de l’environnement (uranium, transuraniens, isotopes radioactifs du césium, du strontium, de l’iode, du tritium, du carbone et de divers métaux de transition…), leur comportement et leur devenir dans les divers compartiments physiques des milieux et au sein des organismes vivants, dont l’homme. Il présente de façon claire et raisonnée : - les fondements de la physique et de la chimie nucléaires ainsi que leurs applications dans différents domaines (militaire, énergie, médecine, industrie…). Il aborde également les notions à connaître d’écologie et de génétique, et rappelle les origines anthropiques des radionucléides dans l’environnement ; - les grands principes de la radioécologie, discipline consacrée à l’étude des radionucléides, le comportement de ces derniers dans l’environnement (atmosphère, hydrosphère et lithosphère), leur mode de contamination et leur effet néfaste sur les organismes non humains ; - les principaux risques radioactifs pour l’homme (exposition, imprégnation), les mécanismes de contamination et leurs conséquences sur la santé (effets des irradiations) ; - les principaux inconvénients de l’utilisation de l’énergie nucléaire que sont les déchets radioactifs et leur gestion, et les accidents nucléaires et leur impact. Véritable ouvrage de référence multidisciplinaire, Le risque radioactif s’adresse aux ingénieurs, techniciens et industriels concernés par l’évaluation, la prévention et la gestion des risques radioactifs, aux responsables « environnement » des entreprises et collectivités ainsi qu’aux autorités de sûreté nucléaire. Il sera également utile aux enseignants et étudiants de troisième cycle ainsi qu’à toute personne souhaitant mieux comprendre le risque radioactif.

Radioactive Risk for Humans
Radioactive Risk for Humans

Author: Jean-Claude Amiard

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2024-10-29

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 1394332165

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Once scientists discovered radioactivity, they soon recognized its dangers. However, the assessment of radioactive risk to humans is still the subject of heated debate. In this book, the authors present a summary of past and recent scientific work on estimating radioactivity in the anthroposphere and the radioactive contamination of human beings. They describe the various sources of exposure to ionizing radiation (external, internal and dietary) and estimate the irradiation doses suffered by humans under various conditions (both naturally occurring for the general public and professionals, and from accidents). The harmful effects of ionizing radiation at various biological levels (molecular, cellular and tissue) and health effects at the individual level are also discussed. Particular focus will be placed on radiation-induced occupational illnesses. The relationship between doses of ionizing radiation and its harmful effects is discussed with reference to high, medium and low doses. The controversies on this subject are outlined, and international and French regulatory values are provided. Finally, an estimate of the radioactive risk for humans is suggested.

Industrial and Medical Nuclear Accidents
Industrial and Medical Nuclear Accidents

Author: Jean-Claude Amiard

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2019-06-04

Total Pages: 340

ISBN-13: 1119629500

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The peaceful use of atomic energy has given rise to a variety of nuclear accidents from the start. This concerns all forms of use, industrial and medical. For each accident, Industrial and Medical Nuclear Accidents details the contamination of the environment, flora and fauna, and quantifies the effects of ionizing radiation. The book also examines the adverse effects on the health, both physical and mental, of the human populations concerned. The monetary cost is also evaluated. The research presented in this book is based on scientifically recognized publications and on the reports of national and international organizations competent in this field (IAEA, WHO, UNSCEAR, IRSN, etc.). The book contains chapters devoted to the most recent accidents (Chernobyl and Fukushima), with a large body of institutional and academic literature.

Nuclear Accidents
Nuclear Accidents

Author: Jean-Claude Amiard

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2020-02-26

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 1786303353

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Detailing the estimation and perception of nuclear risk, this book follows military and civilian nuclear accidents, plus the systems put in place by national and international authorities for recording and analyzing feedback. Prevention and anticipation being the best defenses against a nuclear accident, the authorities have also categorized the different types of accidents, and are doing research to better understand and control them. In light of this, this book shows how the authorities take practical measures to protect neighboring populations and limit radioactive contamination of the environment. Frances experience in this arena is well-documented and a chapter of this book is devoted to the fight against terrorist attacks in the nuclear field. Nuclear Accidents is based on scientifically-recognized publications, as well as on reports from the various countries concerned, and the national and international organizations competent in this field (IAEA, WHO, UNSCEAR, IRSN, etc.).

Management of Emerging Public Health Issues and Risks
Management of Emerging Public Health Issues and Risks

Author: Benoit Roig

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2018-11-13

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13: 0128132914

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Management of Emerging Public Health Issues and Risks: Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Changing Environment addresses the threats facing the rapidly changing world and provides guidance on how to manage risks to population health. Unlike conventional and recognized risks (major, industrial, and natural), emerging risks are characterized by low or non-existent scientific knowledge, high levels of uncertainty, and different levels of acceptability by the relevant authorities and exposed populations. Emerging risk must be analyzed through multiple and crossed approaches identifying the phenomenon linked to the emergence of risk but also by combining scientific, policy and social data in order to provide more enlightened decision making. Management of Emerging Public Health Issues and Risks: Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Changing Environment provides examples of transdisciplinary approaches used to characterize, analyze, and manage emerging risks. This book will be useful for public health researchers, policy makers, and students as well as those working in emergency management, risk management, security, environmental health, nanomaterials, and food science. - Presents emerging risks from the technological, environmental, health, and energy sectors, as well as their social impacts - Contextualizes emerging risks as new threats, existing threats in new locations, and known issues, which are newly recognized as risks due to increased scientific knowledge - Includes case studies from around the world to reinforce concepts

Management of Radioactive Waste
Management of Radioactive Waste

Author: Jean-Claude Amiard

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2021-09-22

Total Pages: 274

ISBN-13: 1119866472

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The classification of radioactive waste varies from state to state. This results in different management procedures for each country, while following IAEA and OECD/NEA recommendations. Radioactive waste comes from numerous sources. The largest volumes are generated by the decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear facilities. Long-lived, medium- and high-activity waste – categorized as the most hazardous types of waste – are in fact largely produced by nuclear power reactors, spent fuel reprocessing plants and nuclear accidents. Final disposal of very low-activity, low-activity and very short-lived waste is well controlled. However, final solutions for certain categories, including long-lived waste, sorted waste and spent graphite waste, are not yet in place. Management of Radioactive Waste reviews all the possible solutions and presents those chosen by the various states, including a chapter detailing policy on radioactive waste management, taking France as an example.

Military Nuclear Accidents
Military Nuclear Accidents

Author: Jean-Claude Amiard

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2018-11-28

Total Pages: 277

ISBN-13: 1119572487

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The use of atomic energy for military purposes has given rise to a variety of nuclear accidents from the outset. This applies to all levels of use: from the manufacture of weapons to their commissioning. This book provides an overview of the potential impact of such accidents. The prospective consequences of local and global nuclear war are detailed. Similarly, for each accident, the environmental, ecological, health and socio-economic consequences are reviewed. The contamination of the environment and its fauna and flora is detailed and the effects of ionizing radiation are reported. The same is provided for human populations and the adverse effects on the health and physical and mental states of the populations concerned. The economic cost of accidents is also evaluated. The research presented in this book is based on scientifically recognized publications, and reports from the military forces of the various countries concerned and from the national and international organizations competent in this field (IAEA, WHO, UNSCEAR, IRSN, ICPR, etc.).

Disarmament and Decommissioning in the Nuclear Domain
Disarmament and Decommissioning in the Nuclear Domain

Author: Jean-Claude Amiard

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2021-09-15

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 1786307219

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Following the acquisition of the atomic bomb by five states, the United Nations began drafting several treaties to limit nuclear proliferation. These efforts failed, as four more states also acquired nuclear weapons. In a similar vein, an attempt to limit atomic weapons - primarily within the two superpowers - was initiated. While the number of weapons has decreased, the new bombs now being manufactured are more powerful and more precise, negating any reduction in numbers. In the field of civil nuclear use, all nuclear facilities (reactors, factories, etc.) have a limited lifespan. Once a plant is permanently shut down, these facilities must be decommissioned and dismantled. These operations are difficult, time-consuming and costly. In addition, decommissioning generates large volumes of radioactive waste of various categories, including long-lived and high-activity waste. Risks to the environment and to health are not negligible during decommissioning. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have produced numerous publications with recommendations. Each state has its own decommissioning strategy (immediate or delayed) and final plan for the site - whether it be returning it to greenfield status or obtaining a nuclear site license with centuries-long monitoring.

Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition)
Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition)

Author: Mohamed Ksibi

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-04-09

Total Pages: 2249

ISBN-13: 303051210X

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This book includes over three hundred and seventy-five short papers presented during the second EMCEI, which was held in Sousse, Tunisia in October 2019. After the success of the first EMCEI in 2017, the second installment tackled emerging environmental issues together with new challenges, e.g. by focusing on innovative approaches that contribute to achieving a sustainable environment in the Mediterranean and surrounding regions and by highlighting to decision makers from related sectors the environmental considerations that should be integrated into their respective activities. Presenting a wide range of environmental topics and new findings relevant to a variety of problems in these regions, this volume will appeal to anyone working in the subject area and particularly to students interested in learning more about new advances in environmental research initiatives in view of the worsening environmental degradation of the Mediterranean and surrounding regions, which has made environmental and resource protection into an increasingly important issue hampering sustainable development and social welfare.

La physique des réacteurs nucléaires (2e ed)
La physique des réacteurs nucléaires (2e ed)

Author: MARGUET Serge

Publisher: Lavoisier

Published: 2013-10-18

Total Pages: 1344

ISBN-13: 2743065400

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La physique des réacteurs nucléaires est le premier ouvrage français conçu pour aborder de façon progressive et détaillée la complexité théorique du comportement des neutrons, en situation sûre ou accidentelle. Fruit de l’expérience pédagogique de l’auteur et de son expertise internationale reconnue en sûreté nucléaire, il est rapidement devenu un ouvrage de référence au sein de la communauté nucléaire française. Après des rappels de physique nucléaire replaçant les notions théoriques dans leur contexte historique, l’auteur expose les théories mathématico-physiques les plus récentes concernant : • le ralentissement des neutrons dans la matière ; • les particules chargées et les rayonnements électromagnétiques ; • les phases de calcul, en soulignant les hypothèses simplificatrices ; • le concept de criticité, lorsque se développe et s’entretient une réaction nucléaire en chaîne ; • le calcul théorique des réacteurs homogènes et hétérogènes ; • les problèmes d’autoprotection ; • les méthodes numériques des 2 approches historiques du traitement des neutrons (transport neutronique et diffusion). Cette 2e édition, revue et augmentée, approfondit certaines notions, notamment le spectre théorique de fission, l’effet des liaisons cristallines, l’effet de l’hétérogénéité du champ de température, l’effet Dancoff, les équations du transport en géométrie dimensionnelle, le calcul du facteur anti-trappe, la méthode des neutrons pulsés, l’effet d’ombre de l’intégrale de résonance, la méthode Feynman-a, le traitement des instrumentations de l’EPR… Complété par plus de 400 références bibliographiques, dont de nombreuses commentées et une annexe replaçant les travaux d’EDF dans le contexte national du développement de l’énergie nucléaire, cet ensemble constitue la référence théorique la plus complète en neutronique. Cet ouvrage est conforme aux enseignements de l’Institut de transfert de technologie d’EDF et sert de référentiel aux enseignements de l’École nationale supérieure d’ingénieurs de Bourges (INSA-Centre Val de Loire). Il a été conçu pour les ingénieurs et techniciens sur sites souhaitant enrichir leur propre expertise, pour les étudiants de 3e cycle et les élèves ingénieurs en sciences énergétiques.