Rassemble les principes qui doivent guider toute démarche visant à réaliser un plan de communication. Présente les étapes à suivre pour réaliser un tel plan.
Une entreprise - que ce soit un gouvernement, une association, une industrie, une organisation, une personne ou une cause - doit s'adapter au public ou chercher à l'influencer. Dans un cas comme dans l'autre, elle veut séduire ou convaincre le public qu'elle vise, lui démontrer le bien-fondé de ses décisions, l'inciter à acheter son produit, à adhérer à son idée, à partager ses objectifs. Lorsqu'une entreprise dépend du nombre d'unités qu'elle vend, du nombre d'adhérents qu'elle recrute, la communication n'est plus seulement un outil de gestion, elle devient un instrument de survie. Le plan de communication permet de répondre à quatre questions : - quelle est la situation actuelle ? - quels changements sont désirables et possibles ? - comment provoquer ces changements ? - comment savoir si nous avons atteint nos objectifs ? Ce livre rassemble les principes qui doivent guider toute démarche visant à réaliser un plan de communication et présente les étapes à suivre pour concevoir un tel plan : - les notions de base sur la communication et la façon dont elle s'établit dans une entreprise ; - le mandat qui doit constituer le point de départ d'un plan ; - l'analyse de la situation et le diagnostic ; - les objectifs ; - le public cible ; - la définition de l'axe de communication ; - l'exploration et le choix des stratégies de communication ; - le choix des techniques, médias et supports ; - la conception des messages ; - le budget et le calendrier ; - l'évaluation ; - la présentation du plan de communication.
This book offers an authoritative study of election observation in Africa and its relation with democratization processes. Election observation is a hotly debated issue in contemporary international relations and in political science. It is seen by donor- countries and the international community as a means to enhance democratization, but has been controversial with regard to the `mandates' of the observers, the cases of its misappropriation by authoritarian governments and its masking of other donor-country interests. The book addresses fundamental issues of elections and democrat-ization in Africa, evaluation policies and implementation, as well as the historical backgrounds. A range of case studies leads to new interpretations, which challenge previous empiricist accounts of election observation in Africa. Greater attention to historical and cultural context is required than has been present in previous, somewhat prescriptive accounts. An interdisciplinary approach gives fair coverage of the historical, political and cultural issues involved in elections and election observation in Africa. Key examples of the interface between election observation and democratization processes in various important countries in Africa are presented, linking an analysis of policies and practice. The book contributes to topical debates on the dilemmas and challenges of 'good governance' and on the varieties of democracy as a global phenomenon.
Grammar is seen as a complex sign system, and, as a consequence, grammatical change always comprises semantic change. The book introduces the concept of connecting grammaticalisation to describe the formation, restructuring and dismantling of such complex paradigms. It offers a broad general discussion of theoretical issues and three case studies
I WAS seventeen. She was called Uranie. Was Uranie, then, a young girl, fair, with blue eyes, innocent, but eager for knowledge? No, she was simply what she has always been, one of the nine muses; she who presided over astronomy, and whose celestial glance animated and directed the spheral choir; she was the heavenly idea hovering above earthly dullness; she had neither the palpitating flesh, nor the heart whose pulsations can be transmitted through space, nor the soft warmth of humanity; but she existed, nevertheless, in a sort of ideal world, superior to humanity, and always pure; and yet she was human enough in name and form to produce in the soul of a youth a vivid and profound impression; to awaken in that soul an undefined and undefinable sentiment of admiration: almost of love.
An account of the many and varied ways in which children become involved in the sex trade, this work presents the global political and economic inequalities that underpin children's exploitation.
This inspiring memoir recounts a man’s harrowing journey from unpaid child labor in Haiti to a successful life in the United States. African slaves in Haiti emancipated themselves from French rule in 1804 and created the first independent black republic in the Western Hemisphere. But they reinstituted slavery for the most vulnerable members of Haitian society—the children of the poor—by using them as unpaid servants to the wealthy. These children were—and still are—restavecs, a French term whose literal meaning of "staying with" disguises the unremitting labor, abuse, and denial of education that characterizes the children's lives. In this memoir, Jean-Robert Cadet recounts the harrowing story of his youth as a restavec, as well as his inspiring climb to middle-class American life. He vividly describes what it was like to be an unwanted illegitimate child "staying with" a well-to-do family whose physical and emotional abuse was sanctioned by Haitian society. He also details his subsequent life in the United States, where, despite American racism, he put himself through college and found success in the Army, in business, and finally in teaching.
This novel follows the passage of strange, gentle Abel Tiffauges from submissive schoolboy to adult misfit - a man without a sense of belonging until he finds himself a prisoner of war, and then a teacher, and then the 'ogre' of a Nazi school at the castle of Kaltenborn.