Confronting the Shadow Education System

Confronting the Shadow Education System

Author: Mark Bray

Publisher: United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 146

ISBN-13:

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This book focuses on the so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. In parts of East Asia it has long existed on a large scale and it is now becoming increasingly evident in other parts of Asia and in Africa, Europe and North America. Pupils commonly receive fee-free education in public schools and then at the end of the day and/or during week-ends and vacations supplementary tutoring in the same subjects on a fee-paying basis.Supplementary private tutoring can have positive dimensions. It helps students to cover the curriculum, provides a structured occupation for pupils outside school hours, and provides incomes for the tutors. However, tutoring may also have negative dimensions. If left to market forces, tutoring is likely to maintain and increase social inequalities, and it can create excessive pressure for young people who have inadequate time for non-academic activities. Especially problematic are situations in which school teachers provide extra tutoring in exchange for fees from their regular pupils.This book begins by surveying the scale, nature and implications of the shadow education system in a range of settings. It then identifies possible government responses to the phenomenon and encourages a proactive approach to designing appropriate policies.


The linguistic integration of adult migrants: from one country to another, from one language to another

The linguistic integration of adult migrants: from one country to another, from one language to another

Author: Council of Europe

Publisher: Council of Europe

Published: 2014-01-01

Total Pages: 58

ISBN-13: 928717962X

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The linguistic integration of migrants affects every aspect of settling in a new country (employment, health, etc.). The aim of this collection of texts is to propose a number of specific measures member states can take to help adult migrants become acquainted with the language of the host country. The main focus is on organising language courses that meet migrants’ real communication needs. It is not enough for authorities simply to consider the technical aspects of such courses, they should also design and conduct them in accordance with the fundamental values of the Council of Europe. A number of issues concerning the linguistic integration of adult migrants are presented here, beginning with the notion of linguistic integration itself. Family reunion, the nature of citizenship and the function of language tests, among others, are dealt with from the point of view of language and language use. Readers are invited to reflect on the type of language competences that need to be acquired as well as an appropriate use of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The collection also sets out approaches and instruments designed to assist in implementing effective policies.


Phonology for Communication Disorders

Phonology for Communication Disorders

Author: Martin J. Ball

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2014-02-25

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 1317716841

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This textbook describes the approaches to phonology that are most relevant to communication disorders. It examines schools of thought in theoretical phonology, and their relevance to description, explanation and remediation in the clinical context. A recurring theme throughout the book is the distinction between phonological theories that attempt elegant, parsimonious descriptions of phonological data, and those that attempt to provide a psycholinguistic model of speech production and perception. This book introduces all the relevant areas of phonology to the students and practitioners of speech-language pathology and is a companion volume to the authors’ Phonetics for Communication Disorders.


Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Control

Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Control

Author: World Health Organization

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 284

ISBN-13: 9241547006

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Most women who die from cervical cancer, particularly in developing countries, are in the prime of their life. They may be raising children, caring for their family, and contributing to the social and economic life of their town or village. Their death is both a personal tragedy, and a sad and unnecessary loss to their family and their community. Unnecessary, because there is compelling evidence, as this Guide makes clear, that cervical cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable forms of cancer, as long as it is detected early and managed effectively. Unfortunately, the majority of women in developing countries still do not have access to cervical cancer prevention programmes. The consequence is that, often, cervical cancer is not detected until it is too late to be cured. An urgent effort is required if this situation is to be corrected. This Guide is intended to help those responsible for providing services aimed at reducing the burden posed by cervical cancer for women, communities and health systems. It focuses on the knowledge and skills needed by health care providers, at different levels of care.


The Global Competitiveness Report 2007-2008

The Global Competitiveness Report 2007-2008

Author: Michael E. Porter

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan

Published: 2007-12-15

Total Pages: 608

ISBN-13: 9781403996374

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The World Economic Forum’s annual Global Competitiveness Report evaluates the potential for sustained economic growth of over 130 developed and emerging economies and ranks them accordingly. Since its first release in 1979, the Report has become the most authoritative and comprehensive study of its type. The 2007-2008 Report contains: • Detailed country competitiveness profiles of 131 economies • Data tables for survey and hard data variables ranking profiled economies • Global rankings: the Global Competitiveness Index and the Business Competitiveness Index, measuring growth and productivity, respectively • Exclusive data from the Executive Opinion Survey, with over 11,000 responses from business leaders worldwide. Produced in collaboration with a distinguished group of international scholars and a global network of over 130 leading national research institutes and business organizations, the Report also showcases the latest thinking and research on issues of immediate relevance for business leaders and policy-makers.


The Patient Will See You Now

The Patient Will See You Now

Author: Eric Topol

Publisher: Basic Books

Published: 2016-10-25

Total Pages: 386

ISBN-13: 0465094473

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The essential guide by one of America's leading doctors to how digital technology enables all of us to take charge of our health A trip to the doctor is almost a guarantee of misery. You'll make an appointment months in advance. You'll probably wait for several hours until you hear "the doctor will see you now"-but only for fifteen minutes! Then you'll wait even longer for lab tests, the results of which you'll likely never see, unless they indicate further (and more invasive) tests, most of which will probably prove unnecessary (much like physicals themselves). And your bill will be astronomical. In The Patient Will See You Now, Eric Topol, one of the nation's top physicians, shows why medicine does not have to be that way. Instead, you could use your smartphone to get rapid test results from one drop of blood, monitor your vital signs both day and night, and use an artificially intelligent algorithm to receive a diagnosis without having to see a doctor, all at a small fraction of the cost imposed by our modern healthcare system. The change is powered by what Topol calls medicine's "Gutenberg moment." Much as the printing press took learning out of the hands of a priestly class, the mobile internet is doing the same for medicine, giving us unprecedented control over our healthcare. With smartphones in hand, we are no longer beholden to an impersonal and paternalistic system in which "doctor knows best." Medicine has been digitized, Topol argues; now it will be democratized. Computers will replace physicians for many diagnostic tasks, citizen science will give rise to citizen medicine, and enormous data sets will give us new means to attack conditions that have long been incurable. Massive, open, online medicine, where diagnostics are done by Facebook-like comparisons of medical profiles, will enable real-time, real-world research on massive populations. There's no doubt the path forward will be complicated: the medical establishment will resist these changes, and digitized medicine inevitably raises serious issues surrounding privacy. Nevertheless, the result-better, cheaper, and more human health care-will be worth it. Provocative and engrossing, The Patient Will See You Now is essential reading for anyone who thinks they deserve better health care. That is, for all of us.


Copyright in the Information Society

Copyright in the Information Society

Author: Brigitte Lindner

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 1032

ISBN-13: 9781786439192

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This substantially revised second edition evaluates the Directive on Copyright in the Information Society and its interpretation by the European Court of Justice in the light of its implementation and application in the EU's 28 member states. Following the initial implementation of the Directive, many member states have enacted further legislation to supplement or refine their earlier implementation: this edition will take these important developments into account. Providing a snapshot of the status quo of copyright protection in the member states, this book is an indispensable tool for the national implementation of the newly adopted Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single MarketKey features of the updated second edition include:* Chapters authored by experts from all 28 member states, providing detailed analysis on how the Directive has been implemented and applied on a national level* Contextual chapters on the relevant WIPO treaties and the Directive that highlight areas of discretion left to national legislators* Updated review of the European Court's case law that serves to interpret the Directive* Expanded Foreword by Dr Jörg Reinbothe, the architect of the Directive.Combining practical information on implementation of the Directive with the latest academic research this book will be of great value to policy makers, practising lawyers and researchers alike. The book will be of particular interest for the further development of copyright in the Digital Single Market since it captures the status quo of copyright protection in the member states at a decisive moment in the legislative debate.